An analysis of the daily district wise rainfall data from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for India’s South West Monsoon 2022 shows that there were 2079 instances when a district rainfall of a day was above 50 mm. Such high rainfall instances included 1712 instances when rainfall was 50-100 mm, 288 instances when it was 100-150 mm, 53 times it was 150-200 mm and 26 times above 200 mm. Out of 694 districts of India, 527 districts or, about 76% of the districts experienced such high rainfall days during SW monsoon 2021.
The month wise break of the high rainfall district days during the monsoon months of June 2021[i], July 2021[ii], Aug 2021[iii] and Sept 2021[iv] are in respective articles in detail. Here we will look at the month wise figures of such instances in each of the states for SW Monsoon 2021. We will do it by looking at five regions of India: North, East, North East, West and South India. Detailed articles on June[v], June-July[vi], June-Aug 2021[vii] and Monsoon 2021[viii] provide more information about district wise, state wise rainfall in respective months.
A state wise analysis of High Rainfall Days in SW Monsoon 2021, similar to this one fore 2022 can be found here: https://sandrp.in/2021/12/14/high-rainfall-days-in-indias-districts-in-sw-monsoon-2021/
IndiaSpend wrote on Oct 11, 2021[ix]: “IMD data show that the number of heavy rain events in 2021 was the second lowest in the last five years, but further illustrate the unusual pattern of low August rainfall and very high September rainfall this year. Heavy rain events encompass very heavy (115.6 to 204.4 mm) and extremely heavy rainfall events (more than 204.4 mm of rain). August 2021 recorded the least extremely heavy rainfall events in the last five years and September 2021 the most. September 2021 also saw the second highest number of very heavy rainfall events since 2017.”
NORTH EAST INDIA: Arunachal Pradesh The number of district days that experienced high rainfall events in Arunachal Pradesh in each of the four months of SW Monsoon 2022 is given in table below.
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 12 (16) | 45 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 51 |
July 2022 | 10 | 18 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 22 |
Aug 2022 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Sept 2022 | 8 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 18 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 13 (16) | 85 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 96 |
In Arunachal Pradesh, the highest number of such events happened in East Siang (19), Lower Dibang Valley (14) and Papumpare (10) districts. Thus three districts alone had 43 out of 96 such events in the state. These three districts also had the highest such number in SW monsoon 2021. East Siang is the only district that had such events in each of the four monsoon months.
Assam
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 20 (27) | 60 | 24 | 11 | 12 | 107 |
July 2022 | 18 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
Aug 2022 | 13 | 17 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 21 |
Sept 2022 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 24 (27) | 122 | 28 | 12 | 13 | 175 |
The highest number of such instances happened in Bongaigaon (16), Karimganj (15) and Kokrajhar (15). Baksa, Bongaigaon, Hailakandi, Karimnagar, Lakhimpur and Kokrajhar had such instances in all four monsoon months.
Meghalaya
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 10 (11) | 46 | 24 | 10 | 16 | 96 |
July 2022 | 8 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Aug 2022 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Sept 2022 | 7 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 10 (11) | 87 | 33 | 10 | 16 | 146 |
Except Ri Bhoi (rainfall did not exceed 50 mm a day on any of the SW monsoon 2022 days), all the districts of Meghayala had a number of such instances. East Garo Hills (24), E Jaintia Hills (23), E Khasi Hills (23) and SW Khasi Hills (23) had the highest number of such instances. East Garo Hills, South Garo Hills and East Khasi Hills had such instances in all four monsoon months. Like in 2021, the highest one day rainfall happened in East Khasi Hills district at 393.7 mm on June 15, 2022. In fact, Meghalaya had some 16 instances when a day’s rainfall exceeded 200 mm.
Nagaland
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 5 (11) | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
July 2022 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Aug 2022 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 9 (11) | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Wokha had the highest number of such instances at 6. None of the districts had such instances in all four monsoon months.
Manipur
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 5 (9) | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
July 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Aug 2022 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Sept 2022 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 7 (9) | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Tamenglong (9 down from 11 in 2021) had the highest no of such instances, followed by Imphal West (3 against 7 in 2021).
Mizoram
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 5 (8) | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
July 2022 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Aug 2022 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 8 (8) | 26 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
Kolasib (8) and Mamit (6) had 14 of the 30 instances of Mizoram. Like in 2021, only Aizwal (again on Aug 3) and Kolasib (3 instances) had in a day over 100 mm rainfall. All the districts of the state had one or more instances when rainfall was over 50 mm in SW monsoon 2022.
Tripura
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 7 (8) | 10 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 14 |
July 2022 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Aug 2022 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Sept 2022 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 8 (8) | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 31 |
The number of districts of Tripura this year has increased to 8 from 4 in 2021. All 8 districts had one or more instances in SW Monsoon 2022 when rainfall was over 50 mm in a day. North Tripura had the highest no of district days (6) when daily rainfall exceeded 50 mm. Three districts (Gomati, S Tripura and Sipahijala) had rainfall over 100 mm on June 20, 2022. On June 18, W Tripura had over 150 mm in a day.
Sikkim
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 3 (4) | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
July 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Aug 2022 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Sept 2022 | 3 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 4 (4) | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
It seems strange that none of the districts of Sikkim crossed 100 mm rainfall on any day during SW Monsoon 2022, as also was the case in SW Monsoon 2021. North Sikkim district had the highest number of high rainfall events (11) When it had the least number (2) of such days in 2021 monsoon. Only East Sikkim had such a day in each of the four monsoon months. South Sikkim district had the least no of such incidents, at 1, while it had the highest number in 2021.
The figures for the SW Monsoon 2022 for North East India are given in the table blow.
State | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
Arunachal Pradesh | 13 (16) | 85 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 96 |
Assam | 24 (27) | 122 | 28 | 12 | 13 | 175 |
Meghalaya | 10 (11) | 87 | 33 | 10 | 16 | 146 |
Nagaland | 9 (11) | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Manipur | 7 (9) | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Mizoram | 8 (8) | 26 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
Tripura | 8 (8) | 26 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 31 |
Sikkim | 4 (4) | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
North East India | 83 (94) | 408 | 77 | 26 | 31 | 542 |
So more than 88% of the districts in North East India had high rainfall day during SW Monsoon 2022, up from 80% in 2021, even in an year when most states in NE India had below 100% rainfall. Seven of the eight NE states (Sikkim is the exception where rainfall was 20% above normal) had below normal rainfall with deficit ranging from 8% (Meghalaya) to 48% (Manipur).
EAST INDIA: West Bengal
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 5 (19) | 24 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 30 |
July 2022 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Aug 2022 | 12 | 23 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 26 |
Sept 2022 | 9 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 16 (19) | 67 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 78 |
All six districts of Sub-Himalayan W Bengal had high rainfall day in Monsoon 2022. Darjeeling (19), Kochbihar (17) and Darjeeling (7) had the highest number of high rainfall days in Monsoon 2022, these three districts also had such days in each of the four monsoon months, same situation as in Monsoon 2021.
Among the 13 districts of Gangetic W Bengal, E Medinipur had the highest (7) instances when rainfall in a day was above 50 mm in SW Monsoon 2022. Hugli district had just one such instance, but in that instance, the rainfall was above 150 mm in a day, on Aug 11, 2022, the only other instance in W Bengal when rainfall exceeded 150 mm in a district was in Kuchbihar on June 28, 2022.
Odisha
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (30) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
July 2022 | 19 | 28 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 29 |
Aug 2022 | 29 | 57 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 71 |
Sept 2022 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 30 (30) | 96 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 111 |
As we can see from the table above, most of the instances when district day rainfall was over 50 in Odisha in SW Monsoon 2022 were in Aug 2022. The only instance when rainfall in a day exceeded 150 mm in a day happened on Aug 15, 2022 in Kalahandi dist. Each of Bauda, Deogarh and Kandhamal districts had 7 instances when rainfall was over 50 mm in a day. In Odisha, no district had such instances in all four months of SW monsoon 2022.
Jharkhand
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 2 (24) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
July 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Aug 2022 | 14 | 25 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
Sept 2022 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 18 (24) | 38 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
Latehar dist of Jharkhand had the highest (5) number of district days when rainfall exceeded 50 mm. Aug 20-21 were the highest rainfall days when in five districts rainfall in a day exceeded 100 mm and there were ten other instances when rainfall was 50-100 mm.
Bihar
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 16 (38) | 18 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
July 2022 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Aug 2022 | 15 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 27 (38) | 49 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
Bihar had 31% below normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022, this reflects in the reduction of High Rainfall event numbers. Like in 2021, maximum instances of a day rainfall exceeding 50 mm happened in June 2022 and least number of instances happened in July and Sept 2022. None of the districts had such instances in all the four SW Monsoon months. Kishanganj had the highest number of high rainfall days at 6 (it had 8 in 2021), followed by Araria and Paschim Champaran each with 5. Kishanganj also had the maximum (2) number of instances when rainfall was in excess of 100 mm in a day. June 29 was a high rainfall day in Bihar when Four districts (Araria, Kishanganj, Madhepura, Supaul) had over 100 mm rainfall in a day. Seven other districts (Darbhanga, Gopalganj, Madhubani, Purbi Champaran, Purnia, Saharsha, Sitamadhi) had over 50 mm rainfall on that day. There were seven other instances in Bihar when rainfall exceeded 50 mm in a district either on June 28 or 30. Thus June 28-30 was the highest rainfall period in Bihar in SW Monsoon 2022.
Uttar Pradesh
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 8 (75) | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
July 2022 | 11 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
Aug 2022 | 17 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Sept 2022 | 47 | 52 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 68 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 53 (75) | 96 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 113 |
UP had much higher number of high rainfall district days in Sept than Bihar. In fact the numbers here in Sept were the highest among the four SW monsoon months the numbers kept rising from June to Sept. Only one district (Varanasi) had such high rainfall days in all the four SW Monsoon months as against nine in 2021. Like in 2021, Chitrakoot had the highest number of such instances (8), followed by Deoria (7) and Kheri (6) districts. Two districts, Barabanki and Bijnor had over 150 mm rainfall in a day on Sept 16 and Sept 25 respectively. Sept 21-25 seems to have been high rainfall days for UP with 29 instances when a district had over 50 mm rainfall in a day during this period. Sept 15-17 was another such period when there were 35 such instances.
EAST INDIA
State | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in SW Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
W Bengal | 16 (19) | 67 | 9 | 2 | 0 | 78 |
Odisha | 30 (30) | 96 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 111 |
Jharkhand | 18 (24) | 38 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 43 |
Bihar | 27 (38) | 49 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 54 |
UP | 53 (75) | 96 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 109 |
East India | 144 (186) | 346 | 48 | 5 | 0 | 399 |
So over 77% (89% in 2021) of districts in East India had high rainfall days in SW Monsoon 2022. However, number of such instances per district is lower than that in NE India.
NORTH INDIA: Uttarakhand
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 3 (13) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
July 2022 | 5 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Aug 2022 | 9 | 17 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 19 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 12 (13) | 43 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
Uttarakhand had 3% below normal rainfall during SW Monsoon 2022 (2% deficit in 2021). While there were 42 such instances in 2021 with lower deficit, this year with higher deficit the number of such events have gone up to 45. This in a way shows the increasing tendency of higher intensity rainfall events.
Two districts (Bageshwar and Udham Singh Nagar) had high rainfall days in all the four monsoon months in SW Mosoon 2022 (none in 2021). Bageshwar had the highest number of such days at twelve (Bageshwar also had the highest such number in 2021 at nine), followed by Dehradun and Udham Singh Nagar each with seven (it was Nainital that was at second position in 2021 with seven such days). Like in 2021 monsoon, Bageshwar had by far the highest rainfall of over 2200 mm, and highest surplus % at 186%, while second placed Dehradun (1468 mm rainfall) had just 2% above normal rainfall.
Haryana
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (22) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 11 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
Aug 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sept 2022 | 15 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
SW Monsoon 202 | 20 (22) | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
In 2021 monsoon, Haryana had 46 high rainfall district days, that has drastically come down in 2022 monsoon to 32. Only 2 districts (Faridabad and Fatehabad) had a day rainfall exceeding 100 mm, on Sept 23 and 25 respectively in 2022.
Gurgaon, Rohtak and Jhajhar districts had the highest (3 each) number of high rainfall days. Fatehabad had the highest Surplus % rainfall at 113%. However, the highest rainfall district was Panchkula. The state rainfall was 9% above normal in 2022.
Chandigarh Chanidgarh had seven high rainfall days (Four in July and one each in June, August and Sept 2022) during SW Monsoon 2022, rainfall was 7% above normal. On Setp 25, rainfall was in excess of 100 mm.
Delhi
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (9) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 9 | 13 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Aug 2022 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 9 (9) | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
The number of district days when rainfall exceeded 50 mm in a day were 42 in 2021 monsoon, has dropped to almost half at 23 in 2022 monsoon. Delhi state had 17% below normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022.
Central and East Delhi districts in Delhi State had the highest number (4 each) of high rainfall days, while North East and West Delhi had the least at 1 each. East Delhi also had the highest % surplus rainfall at 30% and the highest monsoon rainfall at 868.2 mm. The three days when a district had over 100 mm rainfall were equally distributed among East, New and South Delhi. Jul 1 was the highest rainfall day in Delhi when East and New Delhi had rainfall over 100 mm and four other districts had over 50 mm rainfall.
Punjab
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (22) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
July 2022 | 10 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
Aug 2022 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Sept 2022 | 13 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 17 (22) | 26 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
The number of high rainfall district days in Punjab in SW Monsoon 2022 were 31, up from 27 in 2021.
Punjab had 7% below normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2021, and 6% in 2022. SAS Nagar (Kapurthala in 2021 monsoon) had the highest number (4) of high rainfall days among all the Punjab districts. Like in 2021 monsoon, Pathankot had the highest rainfall among all the districts, and had three high rainfall days, one each in July, Aug, Sept.
Himachal Pradesh
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (12) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
July 2022 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Aug 2022 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Sept 2022 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 8 (12) | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
The total of high rainfall district days in HP has gone up in SW Monsoon 2022 to 21 from 17 in 2021. HP had 3% below normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022.
Kangra district had the highest number of high rainfall days among HP districts in SW monsoon 2022 at 6 (it was Sirmour in 2021 with 5 such instances), followed by Sirmour having five such days, like it had in SW Monsoon 2021. The above 100 mm days were one each in Kangra and Mandi, both on Aug 20, 2022. Like in SW Monsoon 2021, Kangra had the highest rainfall among HP districts in SW Monsoon 2022, but Shimla had the highest % above normal rainfall at 44%, but had one high rainfall day on July 6.
Jammu & Kashmir
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 11 (20) | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 |
July 2022 | 8 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
Aug 2022 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 |
Sept 2022 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 15 (20) | 44 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 50 |
The number of high rainfall events in J&K in SW Monsoon 2022 was 50, more than double the number in 2021. In 2021, only 7 districts of J&K had such events, in 2022 that has gone up to 15. J&K had 29% below normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2021, while in 2022, the rainfall was 6% above normal.
Riasi and Udham Singh Nagar districts had the highest number (8 each) of high rainfall days in SW Monsoon 2022 (Riasi also had the highest such number in 2021 Monsoon at 6), followed by Samba with 7 such days. 4 of the total 6 such events of J&K when rainfall in a day was above 100 mm were in Samba district as per IMD’s daily district wise rainfall bulletins. Riasi had over 1380 mm rainfall during SW Monsoon 2022, the highest among all the districts of J&K, like was the case in 2021. Doda district had the highest surplus % rainfall in 2022 monsoon at 56%. Shopian district had the lowest rainfall at 110.7 mm, which was 61% below normal rain.
Ladakh The two districts of Ladakh had no high rainfall days in SW monsoon 2022. The total monsoon rainfall of Kargil was 32.3 mm and that of Leh & Ladakh 39.3 mm, 211% and 51% above normal respectively.
NORTH INDIA
State/ Union Territory | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in SW Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
Uttarakhand | 12 (13) | 43 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
Haryana | 20 (22) | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
Chandigarh | 1 (1) | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Delhi | 9 (9) | 20 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Punjab | 17 (22) | 26 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 31 |
Himachal Pradesh | 8 (12) | 19 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 21 |
Jammu & Kashmir | 15 (20) | 44 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 50 |
Ladakh | 0 (2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
North India | 82 (101) | 188 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 209 |
North/ NW India had slightly above normal 2022 monsoon and this is reflected here in the increased % of districts and increased number of high rainfall days in SW Monsoon 2022 compared to 2021.
WEST INDIA: Rajasthan This traditionally low rainfall area of India with ten districts had no days with district rainfall over 50 mm on any day in SW Monsoon 2021 in any district. This in SW Monsoon 2021 when seasonal rainfall in this region was 20% above normal. The norm for high rainfall day needs to be reduced in case of regions like Ladakh and W Rajasthan, but question is what can be considered a high rainfall day for these regions?
Rajasthan
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (33) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 13 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 |
Aug 2022 | 15 | 23 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 29 |
Sept 2022 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 25 (33) | 43 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 49 |
Rajasthan had 36% above normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022, with five (4 in 2021) districts having rainfall over 1000 mm, Jhalawar (Pratapgarh in 2021) having the highest rainfall. Sirohi (Baran in 2021) district had the highest number of high rainfall days at 6 (8 in 2021) among all the districts of Rajasthan. Banswara had five, while Jhalawar and Pratapgarh had four each. August 16-23 had the highest number of high rainfall days in this region, with Aug 22-23 having the highest rainfall, five of the instances when rainfall exceeding 100 mm happening on these two days.
Madhya Pradesh
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (52) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 30 | 56 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 63 |
Aug 2022 | 41 | 87 | 26 | 4 | 3 | 120 |
Sept 2022 | 15 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 47 (52) | 160 | 33 | 6 | 3 | 202 |
While MP had 23% above Normal rainfall during SW Monsoon 2022, Bhopal, Rajgarh and Narmadapuram districts had the highest rainfall, all above 1700 mm (Guna, Sheopur and Shivpuri in 2021). Bhopal and Narmadapuram (Guna in 2021 had 8 such days) also had the highest number (11) of high rainfall days. Betul, Harda, Raisen, Rajgarh and Balaghat each had eight such instances. All three instances when rainfall exceeded 200 mm and 4 of the 6 instances when rainfall was in the range 150-200 mm in a district happened on Aug 22-23. Similarly 19 of the 33 instances when rainfall in a day in the district was 100-150 mm, happened during Aug 21-23.
Diu and Daman
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (2) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
July 2022 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
Aug 2022 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 2 (2) | 21 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 34 |
Of the 34 instances when rainfall in a day in a district of Diu Daman was higher than 50 mm, nine instances were in Diu and rest 25 instances in Daman. Both the instances when rainfall in a day was higher than 150 mm were in Daman and eight of the eleven instances when rainfall in a day was 100-150 mm were also in Daman. While both Diu and Daman had 49% above normal rainfall, Daman had 3434.5 mm in SW Monsoon 2022, compared to 1135.2 mm in Diu, less than a third of the Daman rainfall.
Gujarat
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (33) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
July 2022 | 24 | 70 | 19 | 2 | 7 | 98 |
Aug 2022 | 14 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 23 |
Sept 2022 | 10 | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 27 (33) | 104 | 24 | 2 | 7 | 137 |
Gujarat state had 27% above normal rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022. The number of high rainfall instances in 2022 are about 2.5 times those in 2021. In 2021, there were no instances when rainfall was above 150 mm in a day in a district, where as there are nine such instances in 2022, all of them during July 10-15 2022. The highest one day rainfall was 378 mm in Narmada district on Aug 12. One other instances when rainfall in a day exceeded 300 mm happened in Chhotaudepur district, on Juy 11. Dangs had three instances (July 11, 12 and 14) when rainfall in a day exceeded 200 mm. 17 of the 24 instances when rainfall was 100-150 mm happened during July 8 to 21. Valsad district had the highest number of instances when rainfall in a day exceeded 50 mm, at 19. Navsari was second with 18 such instances and Dangs was third with 13 such instances. In Kutch-Saurashtra, Porbandar had highest number of such instances at 8. Devabhoomi Dwarka and Gir Somnath districts in Saurashtra had one instance each when rainfall was 100-150 mm in a day.
Dadar & Nagarhaveli
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 13 |
Aug 2022 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Sept 2022 | 1 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 1 (1) | 14 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 20 |
The highest rainfall in D&NH during SW Monsoon 2022 was on July 14 at 314.6 mm. Two other instances when rainfall exceeded 200 mm happened on July 12 and 15. July 8 to 15 was the highest rainfall period. The rainfall here in SW Monsoon was 3269.9 mm, 42% above normal.
Goa
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 2 (2) | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
July 2022 | 2 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 16 |
Aug 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 2 (2) | 29 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 35 |
During SW Monsoon 2022, Goa had 8% below normal rainfall, this is reflected in fewer instances of rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022 in Goa compared to those in 2021 when a day’s rainfall in a district was above 100 mm. July 5 to 17 was the high rainfall period, when all six of the instances occurred with rainfall was over 100 mm in a day in a district. Seven of the instances when rainfall was 50-100 mm in day also occurred in this period.
Maharashtra
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 5 (36) | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 |
July 2022 | 24 | 80 | 23 | 6 | 2 | 111 |
Aug 2022 | 15 | 36 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 45 |
Sept 2022 | 18 | 32 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 34 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 25 (36) | 163 | 32 | 8 | 2 | 205 |
SW Monsoon 2022 rainfall in Maharashtra was 23% above normal, this is also reflected in higher number of instances of high rainfall events as given in table above. The highest number of such instances were in seven districts of Konkan, which is the high rainfall region of Maharashtra. 118 of the 205 instances given in table above happened in Konkan districts with highest number of such instances in Ratnagiri (20). Nine of the ten instances when rainfall was above 150 mm happened in Konkan, the only exception being Godiya district in Vidarbha, where on Aug 15, rainfall exceeded 150 mm. Outside Konkan, the highest number of high rainfall events in SW Monsoon 2022 happened in Gadchiroli (12), Kolhapur (10) and Bhandara (9).
Chhattisgarh
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 3 (27) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
July 2022 | 20 | 37 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 41 |
Aug 2022 | 26 | 46 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 56 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 26 (27) | 94 (55) | 14 (4) | 2 (0) | 0 | 110 (59) |
The rainfall in SW Monsoon 2022 was 13% above normal. The number of instances of high rainfall event are thus almost double at 110 in 2022 compared to 59 in 2021. Bijapur district had by far the highest number of such instances at 18. Dantewada and Kanker had the second highest number of such instances at 7 each. Bijapur also had the highest rainfall at 2515.9 mm, 84% above normal.
WEST INDIA
State | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in SW Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
Rajasthan | 25 (33) | 43 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 49 |
Madhya Pradesh | 47 (52) | 160 | 33 | 6 | 3 | 202 |
Diu Daman | 2 (2) | 21 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 34 |
Gujarat | 27 (33) | 104 | 24 | 2 | 7 | 137 |
Dadra Nagarhaveli | 1 (1) | 14 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 20 |
Goa | 2 (2) | 29 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 35 |
Maharashtra | 25 (36) | 136 | 32 | 8 | 2 | 205 |
Chhattisgarh | 26 (27) | 94 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 110 |
West India | 155 (186) | 628 | 125 | 24 | 16 | 793 |
The SW Monsoon 2022 had higher rainfall compared to 2021 in West India and this also gets reflected in almost 32% increase in overall high rainfall events from 598 in 2021 to 793 in 2022. The numbers are up in all categories, though with different percentages.
SOUTH INDIA: Andhra Pradesh
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (13) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Aug 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 4 (13) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Telangana
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 11 (33) | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
July 2022 | 24 | 57 | 18 | 7 | 2 | 84 |
Aug 2022 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Sept 2022 | 20 | 25 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 28 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 31 (33) | 101 | 21 | 7 | 2 | 131 |
Tamil Nadu
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 202 | 2 (38) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
July 2022 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
Aug 2022 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 14 (38) | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Puducherry
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 2 (4) | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
July 2022 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
Aug 2022 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Sept 2022 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 4 (4) | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Karnataka
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 6 (30) | 11 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
July 2022 | 9 | 59 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 71 |
Aug 2022 | 15 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 46 |
Sept 2022 | 11 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 21 (30) | 123 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 143 |
Kerala
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 4 (14) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
July 2022 | 9 | 42 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 46 |
Aug 2022 | 13 | 26 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 34 |
Sept 2022 | 6 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 13 (14) | 79 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 91 |
Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 1 (3) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
July 2022 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Aug 2022 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
Sept 2022 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 3 (3) | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Lakshadweep Islands
Month | No of districts that had over 50 mm rainfall in at least one day in monsoon 2022 (total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when rainfall 150-200 mm | No of district days when rainfall 200+ mm | TOTAL no of dist days when rainfall over 50 mm |
June 2022 | 0 (1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
July 2022 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Aug 2022 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Sept 2022 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
SW Monsoon 2022 | 1 (1) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
SOUTH INDIA
State | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in SW Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
Andhra Pradesh | 4 (13) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
Telangana | 31 (33) | 101 | 21 | 7 | 2 | 131 |
Tamil Nadu | 14 (38) | 20 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
Puducherry | 4 (4) | 15 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
Karnataka | 21 (30) | 126 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 143 |
Kerala | 13 (14) | 79 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 91 |
Lakshadweep | 1 (1) | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
Andaman & Nicobar | 3 (3) | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
South India | 91 (136) | 370 | 54 | 9 | 2 | 435 |
INDIA
Region | Districts that had over 50 mm rainfall at least on one day in SW Monsoon 2022 (Total no of districts) | No of district days when rainfall 50-100 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 100-150 mm | No of district days when Rainfall 150-200 | No of district days when Rainfall over 200 mm | Total no of district days when rainfall over 50 mm |
North East | 83 (94) | 408 | 76 | 26 | 31 | 541 |
East | 144 (186) | 346 | 48 | 5 | 0 | 399 |
North | 82 (101) | 188 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 209 |
West | 155 (186) | 628 | 125 | 24 | 16 | 793 |
South | 91 (136) | 370 | 54 | 9 | 2 | 435 |
INDIA | 555 (703) | 1940 | 323 | 65 | 49 | 2377 |
SANDRP (ht.sandrp@gmail.com)
REFERENCES:
[i] https://sandrp.in/2021/07/23/high-rainfall-days-in-indias-districts-in-june-2021/
[ii] https://sandrp.in/2021/08/06/july-2021-high-rainfall-days-in-indias-districts/
[iii] https://sandrp.in/2021/09/02/high-rainfall-days-in-indias-districts-in-august-2021/
[iv] https://sandrp.in/2021/10/07/high-rainfall-days-in-indias-districts-in-sept-2021/
[v] https://sandrp.in/2021/06/30/june-2021-district-wise-rainfall-in-in-indias-sw-monsoon/
[vi] https://sandrp.in/2021/07/31/june-july-2021-district-wise-sw-monsoon-rainfall-in-india/
[vii] https://sandrp.in/2021/09/01/june-aug-2021-district-wise-rainfall-in-indias-sw-monsoon/
[viii] https://sandrp.in/2021/09/30/sw-monsoon-2021-district-wise-rainfall-in-india/
[ix] https://www.indiaspend.com/earthcheck/climate-change-is-making-indias-monsoon-more-erratic-780356