(Feature Image: Anti dam graffiti on the wall of the civil secretariat building in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh in July 2022. Source: Social Media)

As the Hindustan Times Editorial today (June 3, 2024) has rightly underlined, a major challenge before the newly elected state governments in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh is to urgently review the existing, under construction and planned mega hydropower projects in the fragile Himalayan ecology in these border states.

These states are inherently vulnerable to large kinds of disasters including landslides, earthquakes, erosion, floods, GLOFs and also multi hazard disasters. These inherent vulnerabilities are already hugely increased under climate crisis. The large hydropower projects being taken up here are acting as force multipliers for disasters in these states as recent experience including the Oct 2023 events in both states have shown.

The under construction Lower Subansiri project has experienced yet another fatal landslide just last week in addition to numerous others in last several years. It will be in the best interests of these states and their people to undertake such a review urgently.

EDIT In Sikkim, Arunachal, ecology is the governance challenge Challenges before the newly elected state governments in Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh: The main challenge for the incoming governments in Gangtok and Itanagar will be to reconcile aspirations of development and ecologica concerns. Both states have a history of landslides and floods, which have been exacerbated in recent years due to climate crisis and policies insensitive to topography. For instance, both see an economic opportunity in promoting hydropower through big dams despite warnings from ecologists. In Oct last year, GLOF in the upper reaches of the Teesta led to destruction of the Teesta III dam. At the same time landslide threatened the under construction Lower Subansiri project in Arunachal Pradesh. Clearly, the large projects mooted in the Teesta basin in Sikkim and on the Subansiri, Dibang and Lohit in Arunachal Pradesh, all tributaries of Brahmaputra, need evaluation. Gangtok and Itanagar, pioneers in pushing progressive environment policies (ban on plastics, for instance) will now need to address this contradiction of promoting big dams while being aware of precarity of their ecology in the face of the climate crisis. https://www.hindustantimes.com/editorials/in-sikkim-arunachal-ecology-is-the-governance-challenge-101717351316018.html  (03 June 2024)

HYDRO POWER PROJECTS

SANDRP Blog May 2024: Landslide at LSHEP leads to death, destruction The controversial 2000 MW Lower Subansiri Hydropower Project of NHPC has suffered yet another landslide disaster in which one worker has died. The project has suffered damages, but the project authorities have not informed the people the reasons for this landslides, nor extent of damage and implications for project future.

Project is already much delayed and after massive landslide in April and Oct 2023, its commissioning has been majorly rescheduled from earlier projected 2023-24 to now 2025-26 or subsequent date. The implications of these on the project cost and cost of electricity from the project are not known, not made public by NHPC. https://sandrp.in/2024/06/02/may-2024-another-landslide-at-nhpcs-lower-subansiri-hep-leads-to-death-destruction/  (02 June 2024)

Himachal Pradesh Latest accident points to a pattern of negligence of dam safety “It is not necessary that such accidents would happen after the project completes construction,” said Bhim Rawat, associate coordinator with the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers, and People (SANDRP). “Time and again, we have seen disasters like flash floods or landslides occur while the project is being constructed.” He gave the example of the 2021 flash flood in Uttarakhand which, washed away part of the under-construction Tapovan Vishnugad project and left almost 200 people missing or dead. “The early warning systems should be installed during its construction phase to avoid threats originating upstream,” Rawat said.

– From documentation gathered by Himdhara Collective and the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers, and People, and from online searches of media stories over the past ten years, Scroll found at least 14 cases of accidents at hydropower plants in Himachal Pradesh.

– Manshi Asher noted, “The problem is not going to get resolved just by looking at safety post or during construction, but has to happen at a much earlier stage”. Rawat echoed this argument, noting that “structure-related accidents can be prevented by prior assessment, construction quality, and credible inspections by third parties”. https://scroll.in/article/1068279/  (02 June 2024)

Voter who led a fight against big dams Simder Negi of Kinnaur has, however, closely watched changes in the region since 2014,when the BJP-led NDA came to power, under the leadership of Narendra Modi. Since then, he said, the government has promoted “unsustainable development” in the form of broader roads, particularly in border districts like Kinnaur, which shares an international border with China. “The Centre sets these targets in Delhi, but we see the impacts of it in Kinnaur,” he said. “Opposition and local sentiments of people that we have communicated to the Center and prime minister have not been heard.”

– Kinnaur is Himachal’s hydropower hub – it has 15 operational projects and 53 more are planned. Experts and locals have raised grave concerns about the environmental losses and tribal rights violations that have accompanied dam-building here. Since 2019, Negi and other young people in Kinnaur have been leading a resistance movement against large hydropower dams in the district. https://scroll.in/article/1068310/the-himachal-voter-who-led-a-fight-against-big-dams-in-kinnaur  (27 May 2024)

Green groups seek better checks on hydel projects Fourteen community and environmental groups have once again raised the issue of hydropower as safety hazards in the state. In a letter to CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu, chief secretary Prabodh Saxena, and director (Energy) Harikesh Meena, they have demanded immediate action to prevent the neglect of safety and environmental norms and fixing accountability for violations in hydropower projects. They said negligence results in significant impacts on local communities and the environment. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/hp-groups-seek-better-checks-on-hydel-projects/articleshowprint/110479798.cms  (28 May 2024)

Study HEP dams associated with reduced economic production, population & greenness in nearby areas This research provides a global-scale evaluation of the impact of dam construction by using a variety of global spatial databases. In particular, it provides insight into the impacts on economy, population, and greenness of 631 recently built hydropower dams by region and dam size. We discovered that 631 recently built hydropower dams were associated with reduced local economy, population, and greenness in areas within 50 km of the dam sites, particularly in the Global South. This is contrary to claims that dams improve the livelihoods of people as well as ecosystem services. The research highlights that policy interventions are needed to address impacts on populations and urban land near small and medium dams.

– Abstract: Hydropower dams produce huge impacts on renewable energy production, water resources, and economic development, particularly in the Global South, where accelerated dam construction has made it a global hotspot. We do not fully understand the multiple impacts that dams have in the nearby areas from a global perspective, including the spatial differentiations. In this study, we examined the impacts of hydropower dam construction in nearby areas. We first found that more than one-third of global gross domestic production (GDP) and almost one-third of global population fall within 50 km of the world’s 7,155 hydropower dams (<10% of the global land area sans the Antarctic). We further analyzed impacts of 631 hydropower dams (≥1-megawatt capacity) constructed since 2001 and commissioned before 2015 for their effects on economy, population, and environment in nearby areas and examined the results in five regions (i.e., Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and South America) and by different dam sizes. We found that recently constructed dams were associated with increased GDP in North America and urban areas in Europe but with decreased GDP, urban land, and population in the Global South and greenness in Africa in nearby areas. Globally, these dams were linked with reduced economic production, population, and greenness of areas within 50 km of the dams. While large dams were related with reduced GDP and greenness significantly, small and medium dams were coupled with lowered population and urban land substantially, and large and medium dams were connected to diminished nighttime light noticeably in nearby areas. https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2108038119  (07 Feb. 2022)

Surge in HEP dams is driving massive biodiversity loss -River fragmentation by dams, weirs and other barriers is a key reason migratory fish populations have declined by 81% since 1970, according to a new report by the Living Planet Index – a rate of wildlife loss six times that of animals that live on land or in the sea. https://theconversation.com/the-surge-in-hydroelectric-dams-is-driving-massive-biodiversity-loss-230895  (25 May 2024)

MoEF Relevant agenda of FAC meeting to be held on June 7 2024: 1. Proposal from EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, WATER RESOURCES DEPT, PUNJAB FOR ACCESS FOR PATH TO THE SITE OF SISWAN DAM RESERVOIR’S ALREADY DIVERTED 92.31 HA LAND PROPOSED TO BE RE-DIVERTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESTORING THE RESERVOIR’S ORIGINAL CAPACITY, S.A.S NAGAR DIST

2. Proposal from EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, WATER RESOURCES DEPT, PUNJAB FOR RE-DIVERSION OF 55.288 HA OUT OF 61.24 HA CHOHAL DAM’S ALREADY DIVERTED RESERVOIR AREA FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESTORING THE RESERVOIR’S ORIGINAL CAPACITY AND FURTHER PROCESSING THE DESILTED MATERIAL, HOSHIARPUR DIST

3. Proposal from EXECUTIVE ENGINEER, WATER RESOURCES DEPT, PUNJAB FOR RE-DIVERSION OF 37.61 HA OUT OF 48.51 HA SALERAN DAM’S ALREADY DIVERTED RESERVOIR AREA FOR THE PURPOSE OF RESTORING THE RESERVOIR’S ORIGINAL CAPACITY AND FURTHER PROCESSING THE DESILTED MATERIAL, HOSHIARPUR DIST

4. DIVERSION OF 349.00 HA FOREST LAND FOR SANGATHA (AER) MEDIUM IRRIGATION PROJECT BY THE WATER RESOURCES DIVISION UNDER SHIVPURI DIST OF MP https://forestsclearance.nic.in/AgendaDetail.aspx?id=302!dis1&fbclid 

DAMS

Install advanced dam safety system: NDSA  Seeking to achieve the satisfactory level of dam safety assurance, the regulations notified by the National Dam Safety Authority on May 20, also asked every state dam safety organisation to keep “perpetual surveillance of all specified dams under their jurisdiction, to observe various anomalies including cracks in the body of the dam or abutment, unusual seepage, deflection in the dam body and any other problem related to dam or hydro-mechanical equipment” for the safety of the dams.

The specified dams are those which fall under the National Register of Large Dams. There are 5,745 large dams in the country. As per the register, there are 234 large dams in India, which are more than 100-year-old whose safety is a major concern when their catchment areas get fairly good rainfall during monsoon. Madhya Pradesh has the highest number (63) of more than 100-year-old dams followed by Maharashtra (44), Gujarat (30), Rajasthan (25) and Telangana (21).

According to the notification, hydro-meteorological stations of specified dams will now have to constantly measure rainfall (precipitation), water level, discharge, temperature, humidity, evaporation, wind velocity and direction, and snowfall, if any, for monitoring the safety of dams. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/install-advanced-safety-system-govt-tells-dam-owners-amid-forecast-of-above-normal-rainfall/articleshow/110650016.cms  (03 June 2024)

Kaleshwaram Project Govt plans geo bags buffer to draw Godavari water While going ahead with repairs to Medigadda barrage, the Telangana govt is reportedly working out a plan to draw water from Kannepally pump house upstream of Medigadda and part of Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Scheme (KLIS), by building a temporary dam using geo bags at the pump house. The irrigation department is planning to lift water from Kannepally pump house, Annaram and Sundilla barrages and transport it to Yellampally reservoir to provide irrigation water to the ayacut under KLIS. Geo bags are temporary dams like rubber dams which are made up of polyester, polypropylene or polyethylene material and the bags are filled with stones, sand and placed across the river to create storage. Geo bags will be placed about 100 to 150 metres from Kannepally pump house head regulator downstream to facilitate lifting of water from Godavari river. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-government-plans-geo-bags-buffer-to-draw-godavari-water/articleshowprint/110517490.cms (29 May 2024)

Work to protect Medigadda ‘cut’ out It has emerged that more than expected work is required at the Medigadda barrage. In addition to filling a void that is around 1,000 cubic metres under the foundation of Block 7, that had suffered serious damage as a result, with a portion of it sinking into the river bed, irrigation officials have now determined that four of the eight gates of the block need to be cut and dismantled against the originally expected two. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/work-to-protect-medigadda-cut-out-896048  (27 May 2024)

Pumping operations at Medigadda barrage likely to resume Medigada barrage, an integral component of the Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project, in its present condition may not allow lifting of water at the designed capacity of two tmc a day. But at least partial restoration of the pumping operation from Medigadda will be made possible by the end of June, according to officials. A temporary barrier across the river could be put up in the form of a cofferdam close to the pump house above the impacted piers of the barrage to start water lifting. Minor issues spotted in Annaram and Sundilla barrages were also being addressed simultaneously for the purpose. https://telanganatoday.com/pumping-operations-at-medigadda-barrage-likely-to-resume  (26 May 2024)

Polavaram Project is in a desperate need to get Centre’s approval for the balance amount of Rs 12,157 cr out of the total revised cost of Rs 30,436 cr under phase-1. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/andhra-pradesh/division-of-ap-helped-polavaram-get-national-tag-896918  (02 June 2024)

Mullaperiyar Dam The EAC of the MoEF cancelled its May 28 meeting, which was supposed to consider Kerala’s request for a new Terms of Reference (ToR) for conducting an Environment Impact Assessment for a new dam at Mullaperiyar in Idukki district. The meeting was cancelled at the eleventh hour without assigning any reasons. The top officials of the Irrigation Design and Research Board of Kerala, who reached New Delhi for the meeting, were informed that the meeting had been deferred. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/why-is-there-a-fresh-row-on-mullaperiyar/article68241020.ece  (02 June 2024)

Sardar Sarovar Project Book review: Nandini Oza, The Struggle for Narmada: An Oral History of the Narmada Bachao Andolan, by Adivasi Leaders Keshavbhau and Kevalsingh Vasave https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00380229241240052#core-collateral-purchase-access  (04 April 2024)

Rajasthan Does Bisalpur Dam need desilting? Environmentalist Himanshu Thakkar, who is a coordinator with the SANDRP— an informal network of organisations working on issues related to water, and focusing on issues associated with large dams — explained that the Bisalpur Dam is relatively new and did not require desilting so urgently and frequently. “There are bigger and older dams like the Bhakra Nangal and Hirakund Dam that have never been desilted. It is not economical to do so,” Thakkar said. He also pointed out that the dam has reportedly been filled to capacity only three to four times since becoming operational, making it less prone to impacts from silt formation.

– “Silt deposition affects water availability only when the dam frequently fills to capacity and excess water floods the surrounding areas. In such cases, you can claim that desilting can help increase the dam’s capacity and make it more efficient,” he added.

– Bhim Singh Rawat, another environmentalist from SANDRP, said that an environmental assessment is a scientific way of proceeding with the de-siltation process. It will ensure that excessive mining is not conducted and that the dam’s structure and aquatic life are not damaged. “How frequently a dam needs to be dredged and desilted depends on its location, geography, topography, and flooding areas,” he said. https://theprint.in/environment/why-has-desilting-of-rajasthans-bisalpur-dam-become-point-of-contention-between-govt-activists/2107925/  (29 May 2024)

The order came on the firm’s application, which had last challenged the environment court’s order in December as well. The apex court had not put the NGT order on hold then. In the application, seeking an urgent interim order to stay the tribunal’s judgment from November 2023, the firm had said that it was imperative to do the desilting, as the three major cities of the state are highly dependent on the dam for drinking and usable water.

Accepting the contentions of both the firm as well as the state govt, the SC on 25 May allowed the desilting to restart. It ruled that the firm must maintain an account of the material removed from the stockpile, and ordered a stay of the NGT’s order till the next date of hearing — 16 July.

On 26 November 2023, the NGT had prohibited ERCPL from proceeding with desilting, dredging of mineral extraction and disposal at the Bisalpur dam in Tonk district. It had held that desilting or dredging activities under the guise of mineral extraction via mining operations could not proceed without adherence to environmental laws.

In its application for interim relief, however, the company had highlighted that before NGT’s stay order, it had already dredged one lac metric ton of sand from the dam. If the dredged material is not disposed of before the onset of monsoons, it is bound to cause harm to the dam as well as the nearby areas. Furthermore, if the dredging is not carried out before the rains, the dead capacity of the dam also increases, resulting in reduction of the live storage capacity of the dam, which ultimately leads to shortage of water supply.  https://theprint.in/judiciary/rajasthan-facing-water-shortage-sc-allows-desilting-of-bisalpur-dam-despite-no-green-clearance/2105741/  (29 May 2024)

Bhakra Dam Muck dumping: HC asks govt to act against violators High Court, in response to a petition by Four Lane Highway Visthapit Evam Prabhavit Sangh, has asked the HP Chief Secretary to ensure that necessary action is taken against those illegally dumping muck into Bhakra dam reservoir and file a status report about the same. It has said that state govt not taking any action means that is is not performing its constitutional duty. https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/high-court-order-on-illegal-dumping-in-gobind-sagar-lake-hps24053107580  (31 May 2024)

The court passed the order on a PIL regarding the breach of environmental laws. It was alleged in the petition that repeated instances of illicit dumping of muck into Govind Sagar Lake and its tributaries in Bilaspur district. The agencies involved in four-laning of Kirtapur-Ner Chowk Section of NH-21, contractors engaged by PWD and other people engaged in construction activities in the vicinity have primarily been suspected as violators.

-It observed that, “As the aspect of depletion of natural resources and its impact on environment can’t be ignored, the violations of law with impunity on account of the failure on part of authorities to enforce needs to be viewed seriously. There is no scarcity of measures to put curbs on activities causing environmental depletion.” https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/muck-dumping-himachal-pradesh-high-court-asks-govt-to-act-against-violators-626718  (01 June 2024)

The violations have been going on unabated for over past three years and the company has clearly been defying earlier warnings issued by the administration and court. https://www.bhaskar.com/local/himachal/bilaspur/news/bilaspur-news-administration-strict-stop-illegal-dumping-dc-aabid-husain-sadik-sdm-abhishek-kumar-garg-130992000.html (July 2023) शिमला हाईकोर्ट ने किरतपुर-मनाली फोरलेन निर्माण के मलबे को गोविंद सागर झील में ठिकाने लगाने पर उपायुक्त बिलासपुर को प्रतिवादी बनाते हुए झील में मलबा डालने पर अपनी स्थिति स्पष्ट करने के आदेश दिए हैं। अदालत ने अपने आदेशों में स्पष्ट किया कि झील में किसी भी तरह की डंपिंग करने पर रोक बनी रहेगी। https://himachalabhiabhi.com/himachal-high-court-barred-dumping-debris-of-highway-on-govind-sagar-lake/ (12 June 2023) अवैध डंपिंग का सिलसिला थमने का नाम नहीं ले रहा है। फोरलेन सड़क निर्माण में जुटी कंपनी टनल नंबर 4 के मलबे को अमरसिंहपुरा रोहिण नाले में आरओडब्ल्यू के बाहर बिना सुरक्षा दीवार लगाए डंप कर रही है। कई जगह सड़क के ही साथ ढेर लगा दिए गए हैं। हालात यह हैं कि कंपनी के पास अपनी कोई डंपिंग साइट नहीं है। वहीं, जिला प्रशासन और अन्य संबंधित विभाग भी इस मसले पर चुप्पी साधे हैं। https://www.amarujala.com/himachal-pradesh/bilaspur/illegale-dumping-is-continioues-in-govind-sagar-bilaspur-bilaspur-news-sml3903510161 (16 Nov. 2021)

Punjab ‘Will get dam constructed on Ghaggar to prevent floods’ Elected to the Vidhan Sabha from Dera Bassi for the first time in 2012 and re-elected again in 2017, NK Sharma was the Chief Parliamentary Secretary in the SAD-BJP government. A realtor from Zirakpur, he will test political waters in Patiala with SAD banking on the Hindu face to swing votes in its favour. In conversation with Aman Sood, he says he will ensure that a dam is needed to check floods every rainy season. Besides, the Ghaggar is getting polluted, causing cancer and other ailments. I will ensure that it remains pollution-free and a dam is constructed on it. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/punjab/will-get-dam-constructed-on-ghaggar-to-prevent-floods-620573  (13 May 2024)

INTERLINKING OF RIVERS

Ken-Betwa Linking Project lack statutory clearances Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator of the SANDRP said, ” Ken Betwa River link Project still does not have all the statutory clearances. Its Stage 2 Forest Clearance is on conditions that would change the basic parameters of the project, requiring fresh environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental clearance (EC) and other clearances. Validity of its wildlife clearance has been questioned by the CEC and is yet to be considered by the Supreme Court.”  He said that   “Its EC remains challenged before the NGT. Should a project   like this -requiring felling of 46 lakh trees- go ahead without even credible assessments or public consultation process that too in a climate change era?  Should it be considered when better, more cost effective and much less destructive options are available? he opined. https://www.thewildlifeindia.com/2024/06/Ken-Betwa-Project-Plan-to-Massacre-Millions-of-Trees-Give-Goosebumps.html  (02 June 2024)

INTERSTATE WATER DISPUTES

Cauvery Water Disputes ‘Kerala has only accounts of injustice to narrate’: TN The Tamil Nadu government has opposed the attempt to build a check dam at Vattavada in Idukki district of Kerala across the Silandhi river (tributary of the Amaravathy across which there is a dam in Tiruppur district of Tamil Nadu) for a drinking water project. According to the 2007 Cauvery Tribunal Award, Kerala is entitled to 30 TMC feet of water. Of this, 21 TMC ft is from Kabini, 6 from Bhavani and 3 TMC ft from Pambar rivers.

At present Kerala is using only a small part of the water that the State is entitled to. Tamil Nadu opposes even a small construction for drinking water when Kerala has its rightful share of water in Pambar. A state that uses Kerala’s water to cultivate lakhs of acres of land opposes even a small drinking water project! This is complete injustice. (By S PRavi) https://www.counterview.net/2024/06/river-water-dispute-with-tn-kerala-has.html  (June 2024)

URBAN RIVERS

Netravathi; Mangaluru NGT asks MSCL to halt RFD project Based on complaint filed by National Env Care Foundation, NGT has stayed the work on Netravathi River Water front project in Mangalore. NGT has formed a Jt committee and asked them to file a report by June 24. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/ngt-asks-mscl-to-halt-waterfront-project-in-mangaluru-3048273  (02 Feb. 2024)

The order took serious objection to the Joint Committee constituted by the Principal Bench on 05.03.2024. “We are unhappy to note that effective steps have not been taken by the District Magistrate, Dakshina Kannada (who is a member of the Joint Committee and also a nodal officer) to get a nomination from the NCCR.

In case there is no cooperation from the NCCR, the District Magistrate may make it very clear that violation of the Tribunal’s order will be viewed very seriously and prosecution will have to be initiated against the authority concerned. In case, there is no representation from the NCCR, the other members of the Joint Committee are directed to inspect and file its report before 24.06.2024,” said the order. https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/states/karnataka/2024/Jun/02/ngt-halts-netravati-project-in-crz-area  (02 June 2024)

Madhuram; Coimbatore River once fostered a civilisation, has gone dry Mathura menunathi peruki yirukarai vazhiya, Vakaivakai kuthipAyung kurudi malaiyurai Murug A,” goes a verse from The Tiruppugazh, the 15th Century anthology of religious songs sung by Saint Arunagirinathar. Translating to — “By the floods in River Madhuram inundating the banks, with water jumping about in all directions in this place called Kurudimalai…That is Your abode, Oh MurugA!” — the text is one of the earliest literary references to Kurudimalai, the origin of River Madhuram, known today as Kousika. Arunagirinathar’s poetic words imply the dynamic flow of the river, hinting at its historical and cultural significance.

-Conservationists in the Kongu region, where the river merges with the Noyyal before joining the Cauvery, say, “Its present predicament does injustice to its beauty described in the text.” https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-river-in-the-kongu-region-which-once-fostered-a-civilisation-has-gone-dry/article68226497.ece  (28 May 2024)

Rispana; Dehradun DMC begins drive against ‘illegal settlements’ The Dehradun Municipal Corporation (DMC) launched an anti-encroachment drive on Monday (May 27) along Rispana river, which resulted in removal of 27 encroachments amid heavy police presence. This action follows an order from the National Green Tribunal (NGT) directing removal of encroachments near Rispana river after March 2016. A DMC official told TOI that the district administration had identified approximately 500 encroachments in 27 slums near Rispana river. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/dehradun-municipal-corporations-anti-encroachment-drive-along-rispana-river/articleshowprint/110479707.cms?val=3728  (28 May 2024)

दूसरे दिन फिर चला बुलडोजर दीपनगर बस्ती के पास ही नदी के मुहाने पर चार करोड़ रुपये की लागत से योगा पार्क का निर्माण किया जा रहा है। नदी के पुस्ते से सटाकर इस पार्क को नगर निगम स्वयं तैयार कर रहा है। जिसका 30 प्रतिशत कार्य हो भी चुका है। दीपनगर बस्ती के निवासियों ने इस पार्क पर भी सवाल खड़े किए। उन्होंने मांग कि है कि नदी के किनारे बनाए जा रहे पार्क को भी ध्वस्त किया जाए। निगम पर भेदभाव का आरोप लगाते हुए बस्तीवासियों ने पार्क को अवैध बताया। हालांकि, इस पर नगर निगम की ओर से कोई प्रतिक्रिया नहीं दी गई। https://www.jagran.com/uttarakhand/dehradun-city-photos-bulldozer-ran-again-in-dehradun-people-were-seen-crying-these-documents-were-also-shown-police-used-batons-23727483.html  (29 May 2024)

68 MLD, STP near ISBT Dehradun discharging partially treated effluent in Bindal River (Video ~ 12:30 pm 28 May 2024). https://fb.watch/st6-pwLCDW/

Kshipra; Ujjain 2028 के सिंहस्थ महाकुंभ में क्षिप्रा को शुद्ध-स्वच्छ बनाए रखने के लिए मप्र सरकार ने बड़ी योजना बनाई है। शिप्रा नदी को स्वच्छ और निर्मल बनाने के लिए अभी तक अरबों रुपए खर्च किए गए हैं लेकिन शिप्रा का पानी नहान और आचमन योग्य नहीं हो सका। शिप्रा नदी में उज्जैन शहर के नाले तो मिलते ही हैं लेकिन इसके साथ ही इंदौर से आ रही कान्ह नदी के अंदर इंदौर और देवास की फैक्ट्रियों का काला दूषित और खराब पानी शिप्रा के पानी को खराब और बदबूदार कर रहा है।

उज्जैन के स्थानीय प्रशासन द्वारा कान्ह नदी का पानी शिप्रा में रोकने के लिए कई जतन किए गए लेकिन वह हर बार फेल रहे। अब कान्ह नदी का पानी शिप्रा नदी में नहीं मिले इसके लिए उज्जैन शहर के बाहर दूषित कान्ह नदी के पानी को बैराज बनाकर 28.5 किमी अंडरग्राउंड टनल (डक्ट) में डाला जाएगा। पानी इस डक्ट से होता हुआ सीधा शहर के बाहर जाएगा। कान्ह के पानी को शुद्ध करने इंदौर, सांवेर, उज्जैन और देवास में सीवेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट भी बनाए जा रहे हैं।

अंडरग्राउंड क्लोज्ड आरसीसी डक्ट की लागत 480 करोड़ होगी। इसकी क्षमता 40 क्यूमेक्स यानी 40,000 लीटर प्रति घंटा होगी। 4.5 मी. ऊंची डक्ट जमीन से लगभग 13 मीटर अंदर होगी। इसे काम को 42 महीने में पूरा करने का टारगेट है। उज्जैन सीमा पर जमालपुरा गाँव में बैराज बनाकर कान्ह का पानी इस डक्ट में डायवर्ट कर दिया जाएगा। इसकी सफाई के लिए 4 एंट्री पॉइंट भी बनाए जाएँगे। शुरू में लगभग 7.5 किमी का कट एंड कवर संरचना होगी यानी गहराई से खुदाई करके मिट्टी से ढंका जाएगा। इसके बाद टनल शुरू हो जाएगी।

वर्तमान में मिट्टी का बांध बनाकर इंदौर से आने वाला कान्ह का दूषित जल रोका जाता है। इस दूषित जल को हटाने के लिए नर्मदा का जल प्रेशर से छोड़ा जाता है। क्षिप्रा में कोई पवित्र स्नान होने पर नर्मदा का जल दोबारा छोड़ा जाता है। उसे चेक डैम से रोककर स्नान कराया जाता है। मिट्टी के डेम रोककर स्नान कराया जाता है। मिटटी के डेम को बार-बार तोडऩा-बनाना पड़ता है। पहले लगभग 1 महीने में ये प्रक्रिया होती थी परंतु उज्जैन में महाकाल मंदिर के विस्तार के बाद श्रद्धालुओं का आना कई गुना बढ़ गया है इसलिए हर हफ्ते में स्नान के लिए यह प्रक्रिया दोहराई जाती है। इंदौर और आसपास के क्षेत्र की 2052 तक की सीवेज की आवश्यकता को ध्यान में रखते हुए इस डक्ट का निर्माण किया गया है।

अगर कभी कान्ह में पानी का दबाव अचानक बढ़ता है तो इसे नियंत्रित करने के लिए कान्ह में 33 करोड़ की लागत से 11 बैराज बनाए जाएँगे। 2016 में आयोजित हुए सिंहस्थ के पहले गोठरा डेम से कालियादेह पैलेस के बीच लगभग 17 किमी लंबी पाइप लाइन बिछाकर कान्ह के दूषित जल को शहर से बाहर करने का प्रयास हुआ था। इस स्ट्रक्चर में सफाई की व्यवस्था न होने से एक समय के बाद गाद जमना शुरू हो गई और बाद में पाइप लाइन 50 प्रतिशत से भी कम क्षमता पर आ गई। पाइप लाइन धंसने से दूषित जल जमीन में भी जाने लगा था। https://www.agniban.com/28-km-long-tunnel-will-prevent-water-of-kanh-river-from-mixing-in-shipra/ ; https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/bhopal/news/upon-reaching-ujjain-the-polluted-kanha-will-go-into-a-28-km-underground-tunnel-and-will-be-directly-out-of-the-city-133096245.html  (31 May 2024)

Govt has spent Rs. 432 crore on Kshipra cleaning in past 10 years and now there are plans to spend Rs. 700 crore more for the purpose. The Narmada Kshipra link was supposed to work round the year but Narmada water reaches Kshipra only for 8 times in a year. (Dainik Bhaskar 30 May 2024)

क्षिप्रा के पानी को आचमन लायक बनाने के लिए 4 योजनाओं पर खर्च होंगे 2175 करोड़; इंदौर, उज्जैन, देवास में बनेंगे एसटीपी https://www.bhaskar.com/local/mp/bhopal/news/2175-crores-will-be-spent-on-4-schemes-to-make-kshipra-water-suitable-for-drinking-stps-will-be-built-in-indore-ujjain-dewas-133061028.html  (24 May 2024) शिप्रा शुद्धिकरण के लिए नए सीरे से कवायद हो रही हैं। इसकी शुरुआत में डब्ल्यूआरडी को छोटे-छोटे स्टाप डेम व वाटर ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट प्रोजेक्ट तैयार करने का जिम्मा दिया है। कम क्षमता से चल रहे कान्ह डायवर्शन सिस्टम की सफाई करवाई जाएगी अैर टाटा कंपनी को ३० जून तक सीवरेज प्रोजेक्ट पूरा करने की डेड लाइन मिली है। इसके साथ ही इंदौर-उज्जैन का कम्प्रहेन्सीव प्लान तैयार होगा। https://www.patrika.com/ujjain-news/collector-visited-the-river-from-juni-ninaura-to-ramghat-8674880  (09 Jan. 2024)

Jojri; Jodhpur -जोजरी नदी पुनरुद्धार में 172.58 करोड़ के कार्यों का शिलान्यास। केंद्रीय जल शक्ति मंत्री गजेन्द्र सिंह शेखावत ने कहा कि जोजरी नदी में एक बूंद भी प्रदूषित पानी न आए यह सुनिश्चित किया जायेगा। इस दूषित पानी को वेस्ट वाटर ट्रीटमेंट तकनीक से स्वच्छ एवं निर्मल किया जायेगा। उन्होंने कहा कि केंद्र सरकार इजराइल के साथ मिल कर वेस्ट वाटर ट्रीटमेंट तकनीक का उपयोग कर इस जोजरी नदी के स्वच्छ पानी को सभी के घरों एवं खेतों तक पहुंचाया जायेगा।  https://doordrishtinews.com/foundation-stone-laid-for-works-worth-rs-172-58-crore-in-jojri-river-revival/rs-thapa/ (15 March 2024)

-जोधपुर में जोजरी नदी पर रिवर फ्रंट प्रोजेक्ट का काम आगे बढ़ने लगा है. जोजरी रिवर फ्रंट प्रोजेक्ट में दो सीवरेज प्लांट के लिए 45 करोड़ रुपए स्वीकृति मिल गई है. इसका काम पूरा होने के बाद जोजरी नदी में जाने वाला प्रदूषित पानी सीवरेज प्लांट में ट्रीट होगा और नदी फिर से सांस लेने लगेगी. जोधपुर नगर निगम क्षेत्र और आसपास के इलाकों के सीवरेज का पानी फिलहाल जोजरी नदी में डाला जा रहा है. 50 एमएलडी प्रदूषित पानी को फिलहाल जोजरी नदी में छोड़ा जा रहा है. जोजरी रिवर फ्रंट प्रोजेक्ट में 50 एमएलडी प्रदूषित पानी छोड़ना बड़ा रोड़ा बना हुआ था.

-जोधपुर नगर निगम की ओर से शहर में तीन सीवरेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट का संचालन किया जा रहा है. अब दो और सीवरेज ट्रीटमेंट प्लांट का काम पूरा होने के बाद नदियों को शहर के प्रदूषित पानी से निजात मिल जाएगी. इसके साथ ही सीवरेज के ट्रीटमेंट पानी को उद्योगों में सप्लाई किया जा सकेगा. जेडीए अब विवेक विहार और उचियारड़ा में 25 एमएलडी का प्लांट बनाने का काम शुरू करेगा. https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jodhpur-jojari-river-will-be-rejuvenated-45-crores-approved-2-sewerage-treatment-plants-to-be-built-rjsr-3606452.html  (01 June 2021)

RIVERS

Study Human actions changing rivers -Agriculture and urbanisation are likely speeding up the process of breakdown of plant litter in rivers and streams globally, according to a new study. This could contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions and disrupt the food chain, the study published in Science warned.

-Leaves that reach the rivers are decomposed by bacteria and fungi. They are, in turn, consumed by insects, which are then preyed upon by fish. Faster decomposition rates mean the carbon is released into the atmosphere even before the insects get a chance to absorb the carbon from the leaf.

-“When human activities change the fundamental ways rivers work, it is concerning. Increases in decomposition rates may be problematic for the global carbon cycle and animals, like insects and fish, that live in streams,” Krista Capps, co-author of the study and associate professor atthe University of Georgia, said in a statement. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/human-actions-are-changing-rivers-by-altering-decomposition-rates-increasing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-study-96445  (31 May 2024)

Kerala Expert committee to regulate river water use set up An expert committee, consisting of eight members, has been constituted for looking into the possibilities of regulating the use of river water for agricultural purposes in order to control floods. The new committee has been asked to prepare a list of the existing projects related to river water resources in the State. The committee is chaired by Dr E J James, pro-vice-chancellor of Karunya University. James had also served as the executive director of the Centre for Water Resources Development and Management. https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/kerala-expert-committee-use-of-river-water-1.9581705  (24 May 2024)

GANGA West Bengal Dying Ichhamati turns into poll issue During its 288 km journey in W Bengal, Ichhamati river basin supports more than 30 lakh people. A part of National Waterway 44, Ichhamati also forms a 21km border with Bangladesh. The river courses through four Lok Sabha constituencies — Ranaghat, Bangaon, Basirhat, and Barasat (last two in North 24 Parganas). The sizable fishermen and farmers’ populace to boatmen as well as fish and vegetable vendors make a loud outcry on the river’s decline. A political campaign spearheaded by Nadia Nadi Sansad, a coalition of 14 diverse organisations, has been launched, pressing parties to take a decisive action. Nadia district, for instance, was once blessed with 33 tidal rivers but now has only 10 that are struggling for survival. The rest have just disappeared.

– Nadi Sansad members have taken matters into their own hands. They engage with candidates from all political parties to find out their plans and commitment to revive Ichhamati. A fixed ritual accompanies these encounters now — the offering of a garland followed by a barrage of questions from villagers demanding accountability on issues like Ichhamati’s restoration and the cleanup of Mathabhanga and Churni. Jyotirmoy Saraswati, a veteran Ichhamati crusader, laments the lack of understanding among many candidates regarding the river’s dire situation and its devastating impact on people. “Ichhamati had a wide variety of fish stock, known for their unmatched tastes. Now people in Duttapulia, one of the major trade centres on its bank, survive on fish from Andhra Pradesh,” said Nadia Nadi Sansad secretary Sabarna Saraswati, who led a 140km walk along the banks of the Ichhamati to save the dying river. Sabarna and local villagers cleaned up more than 12km of the river. “Farmers grow crops on 30,000 acres of floodplain of Ichhamati spreading across these four parliamentary constituencies. As many as 40,000 fishers are dependent on the river,” said Jyotirmoy.

– Amit Kumar Biswas, a schoolteacher and river activist from Bongaon, highlighted the ripple effects. “The drying of Ichhamati has impacted other water bodies like tanks and ponds, exacerbating water crises in summer. The numerous unlicensed brick kilns lining the riverbanks are causing extensive pollution.” Downstream, beyond Berigopalpur ghat in Basirhat, the river does not resemble its dying upstream. “But it is completely tidal saline water from the sea,” said Bishnupada Mridhha, who works with farmers and fishermen at Hingalganj in Basirhat parliamentary constituency.

– “There was an attempt to dredge from Tentulia to Kalanchi for 23.4km to achieve a navigable depth of 1.5 metres all along the river. A budget of Rs 3.77 crore was sanctioned. But only a little could be achieved. The state govt decided to prepare a master plan for the restoration of the river,” said an officer in the state water resources investigation and development department. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/once-a-lifeline-for-30-lakh-dying-river-turns-into-poll-issue/articleshowprint/110547852.cms  (30 May 2024)

Uttar Pradesh Ganga witness to a summer of death & despair A 150-kilometre-long journey from Prayagraj to Kaithi reveals the profound ways in which the pandemic reshaped the lives of bereaved families and front-line workers.

-Between April and June 2021, as the devastating second wave of COVID-19 killed lakhs of people across India, Uttar Pradesh was among the worst-affected states in the country. The Ganga, swollen with decomposing bodies that were adrift in the river and tossed onto its shores, became a symbol for the mismanaged health crisis. https://thewire.in/health/ground-report-how-the-banks-of-the-ganga-bore-witness-to-a-summer-of-death-and-despair  (30 May 2024)

Govt plans to cut 33k trees for Kanwar route The govt has informed the NGT that over 33,000 fully grown trees will be cut for the 111 km Kanwar route project spanning Ghaziabad, Meerut, and Muzaffarnagar, according to a report by The Times of India.  The NGT panel, chaired by Prakash Srivastava with Arun Kumar Tyagi and expert member A Senthil Vel, has requested more details from the government by the next hearing on July 8.

The MoEF permitted the state government to cut 110,000 trees and plants for the project in these districts, the news report mentioned. Taking suo motu cognizance, the tribunal sought specifics from the principal conservator of forests, the ministry, the public works department, and the district magistrates of the three districts. Although the government provided details, the tribunal requested a more detailed breakdown.  https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/religion-over-environment-up-govt-plans-to-cut-33k-trees-for-kanwar-route-124060100298_1.html  (01 June 2024)

Uttarakhand 1 killed, 12 hurt in Gangotri highway landslide -A landslide hit several vehicles on Gangotri highway near Dabrani area in Uttarkashi around noon on Friday (May 31), killing one person and injuring 12 others. One person is still missing. The landslide, possibly triggered by a forest fire, disrupted traffic and led to a rescue operation. Traffic on Gangotri highway was halted due to continuous rockfalls but was restored in the evening. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/1-killed-12-hurt-in-gangotri-highway-landslide/articleshow/110604480.cms  (01 June 2024)

YAMUNA Delhi SC directs for urgent meeting of UYRB on June 5  Hearing a plea by the Delhi government highlighting water woes in the national capital, the Supreme Court on Monday (June 03) called for an emergency meeting of the Upper Yamuna River Board to be held to deal with the issue. A bench of Justices Prashant Kumar Mishra and K V Viswanathan directed the meeting be held on June 5 and a status report be submitted to it by June 6.

Solicitor General Tushar Mehta said that for every 100 litres of water that comes into Delhi, only 52.25 litres are lost due to industry, water mafia etc. and that the Delhi government will have to plug the leakages. The AAP government said Himachal Pradesh agreed to share its surplus water with Delhi but since the two states don’t share a physical boundary with Delhi, the water will have to be transported through the Wazirabad barrage. This would require the facilitation and cooperation of the Haryana government which it said is not being provided as of date.  https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/amid-delhi-water-crisis-supreme-court-directs-for-urgent-meeting-of-upper-yamuna-river-board-on-june-5-9369284/  (03 June 2024)

‘Convene UYRB meet,’ SC asks Centre “There shall be an emergent meeting of Upper Yamuna River Board on June 5, 2024, to address the issues agitated in this petition and all other connected issues in right earnest so that problems of scarcity of water for the citizens of Delhi should be properly addressed. Post this matter on Thursday (June 6) along with the minutes of the meeting and the suggested steps,” ordered a vacation bench of justices Prashant Kumar Mishra and KV Viswanathan.

“Why can’t there be a joint meeting of all the stakeholders? Let there be a high-level meeting today or tomorrow. As an emergency measure, convene a meeting as soon as possible,” the bench told the SG, who accepted the court’s suggestion but emphasised that the meeting ought to happen before the UYRB, which happens to be the statutory body to deal with such issues.

The petition clarified that the Delhi government does not intend to set a precedent that would require any state government in the future to provide the nation’s capital with an increased volume of water by pleading for the release of excess water. Citing a 1996 Supreme Court order (Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking Vs State of Haryana), which directed Haryana to ensure water supply through the Yamuna River during a similar crisis, the Delhi government argued that the present situation is much more severe and urgent. The plea urged the Court to intervene in the public interest to prevent a severe health crisis. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/convene-upper-yamuna-river-board-meet-sc-asks-centre-to-address-delhi-water-crisis-101717402197530.html  (03 June 2024)

HC refuses to stay demolition order of Shiva temple on floodplain – The Delhi High Court on Wednesday (May 29) dismissed a petition seeking a stay on an order for the demolition of a temple on the Yamuna river bed observing that “Lord Shiva does not need anyone’s protection”. The court observed that the temple is built in an unauthorised manner on the river bed. The high court denied a stay on an order for Pracheen Shiv Mandir’s demolition. The temple is situated at Geeta Colony near the flood plains.

-The high court further said, “It goes without saying that Lord Shiva does not need our protection; rather, we, the people, seek his protection and blessings. There could be no iota of doubt that Lord Shiva would be happier if the Yamuna river bed and the flood plains areas are cleared of all encroachments and unauthorised construction”. https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/court-refuses-to-stay-demolition-order-of-shiva-temple-built-on-yamuna-river-bed-2545527-2024-05-30  (30 May 2024)

DDA removes illegal constructions on floodplains The DDA conducted a series of demolition drives near North Delhi’s Nigam Bodh Ghat from May 28 to 31 to clear the Yamuna floodplains of encroachment. A DDA official stated that the operation was conducted in the Vasudev Ghat area following the Delhi High Court’s ruling that the disputed land belonged to the DDA, rejecting the writ petitions against the action. The DDA stated that two pucca structures, two semi-pucca structures, and one religious structure (shrine) were removed in the drive. A similar action near the ISBT bridge on May 28 saw the removal of two semi-pucca structures, one religious structure, and one wrestling ground or akhara. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-development-authority-dda-removes-illegal-constructions-on-yamuna-floodplain-9366955/  (02 June 2024)

Noida Farmhouses damaged during 2023 flood, 50 owners seek relief From Noida Sector 94, near the Delhi border at Kalindi Kunj, the 11-metre-long Pushta (bridge) road divides villages abutting the Yamuna into two parts. One side is residential, dotted by tall glass buildings. In contrast, the other side is a lush green area with farms, cowsheds, and nurseries on the river’s floodplain. This is where hundreds of farmhouses have been constructed, the structures now partially covered by trees growing near their boundary walls. Their multi-coloured roofs with solar panels and water tanks, however, are visible even from afar.

During the monsoon in 2023, between July 12 and 15, the river rose to an all-time high and flooded several areas in the national capital as well as Noida — including villages housing these farmhouses. The owners of 50 properties then filed a petition before the NGT last year seeking compensation for damages caused by the floods. The DM of Gautam Buddha Nagar has contested this.

Submitting a report to the NGT against the petitioners, DM Manish Kumar Verma said all 50 properties are farmhouses illegally constructed on the floodplain. In their plea, the petitioners claimed polluted water from the river mixed with sewage, hazardous chemical effluents and sludge entered their houses and caused loss to them. According to the petitioners, it was not a natural calamity but a man-made disaster resulting from the shrinkage of the river channel due to deposit of silt, faulty flood control regulations and not raising the bund between the villages and the river. They further said the authorities failed to remove the sludge and dry silt after the flood water receded, resulting in dust pollution and creating health hazards.

In this background, the applicants demanded compensation on the ‘No Fault Liability’ principle. They placed reliance on an NGT order of August 2016, where compensation was awarded for damage caused during the floods in Srinagar, in Uttarakhand, in 2013. The properties of the applicants are located in Dostpur Mangrauli Khadar, Chak Mangrola, Assadullapur, Chhaprauli Khadar, Nangli Nangla, Nagli Bahrampur and Kidawali villages.

In its last hearing on May 21 in the matter, the NGT said while it is not disputed that the applicants are owners of the farmlands, a plea has been taken that the nature of their construction is not permanent but nothing has been enclosed along with the response to substantiate this. Now, the Tribunal has formed a four-member committee comprising officials of the CPCB, CPWD, Noida Authority and District Magistrate to ascertain the correct position of the nature of construction — whether it is permanent or temporary and if due permission was taken to raise the structures. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/noida-farmhouses-on-yamuna-floodplain-damaged-during-2023-flood-50-owners-seek-relief-district-magistrate-contests-claim-9368329/  (03 June 2024)

RIVERS BIODIVERSITY

Uttar Pradesh At least ten Dolphins were found stuck in Sharada canal in Lakhimpur district. Extra water has been released for the Dolphins so that they swim to safety in rivers. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/all-10-stranded-dolphins-in-safe-waters-now-101716746293397.html  (27 May 2024)

“The dolphins are stuck at two places. We are making efforts with the irrigation department to get more water at the place where they (dolphins) are stuck,” said Lakhimpur divisional forest officer Sanjay Biswal. “Water was released into the canal to ensure adequate water level following which the dolphins’ group swam back to the Ghaghra river,” Biswal said over the phone, claiming no dolphin was in trouble now. The stranded dolphins were around 12 km from the Ghaghra river. Their exact location is in the vicinity of Chakai Gaon, Bel and Jhamnagar villages, 145 km from the state capital.

At one spot, the water is about five-feet deep and at the other spot, it is just over three feet in depth. The shallow water level makes it stagnant. With the temperature around 40 degrees Celsius, the stagnant water heats up fast and the evaporation will be fast. Experts said water level needed to be brought quickly to 9 feet depth for safety and survival of the dolphins. At this level, water will not get hot during the day and more time will be there to conduct rescue operation. In 2023, a few dolphins were rescued in Lakhimpur but then water was not so shallow. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/plight-of-stranded-dolphins-makes-a-splash-spawns-rescue-op-101716659272612.html  (26 May 2024)

 डीएफओ, दक्षिण खीरी वन अधिकारी संजय बिस्वाल,ने पीटीआई-भाषा को बताया कि उनको शुक्रवार (May 24) को रिपोर्ट मिली थी कि करीब 12 गंगा डॉल्फिन के एक समूह को शारदा नहर के उथले पानी में फंसा हुआ देखा गया था जो अपर्याप्त जल स्तर के कारण सुरक्षित रूप से तैरने में असमर्थ थीं। इनमें से चार से पांच डॉल्फ़िन नहर में 2.5 से 3 फुट गहरे पानी में फंसी हुई थीं और उनके साथ उनके बच्‍चों की मौजूदगी और गर्मी अधिक होने के कारण उनकी स्थिति गंभीर थी। बिस्वाल ने कहा कि शारदा बैराज पर गेट खोले गए थे, जिसके कारण शारदा का पानी बह गया और इससे निकलने वाली शारदा नहर सूखी हो गई थी। उन्होंने बताया कि सिंचाई विभाग से डॉल्फिन को बचाए जाने तक नहर में पानी छोड़ने का अनुरोध किया गया था। https://navbharatlive.com/state/12-dolphins-rescued-in-lakhimpur-kheri-914326.html  (26 May 2024)

Before this a dolphin was trapped in Sharda canal for 10 days in March 2024: -सरयू नदी के तेज बहाव में बहकर डॉल्फ़िन फतेहपुर रेंज के दरियाबाद ब्रांच स्थित शारदा सहायक नहर में आ गई थी. नहर में पानी कम होने की वजह से डॉल्फ़िन को जान का खतरा देख वन विभाग की टीमों ने बड़ा रेस्क्यू अभियान चलाया और घंटों कड़ी मशक्कत के बाद डॉल्फ़िन का सफल रेस्क्यू कर सुरक्षित इनके प्राकृतिकवास रामनगर स्थित सरयू नदी में छोड़ा गया. https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/barabanki-forest-department-successfully-rescues-dolphin-stuck-in-canal-for-10-days-released-in-saryu-river-8186990.html  (27 March 2024)

Study Fish moving between marine & freshwater ecosystems have no protection -A new study has found that 62 per cent of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) dedicated to protect rare migratory fish species fall outside their core habitats. The study, published in the British Ecological Society’s Journal of Applied Ecology, found that MPAs designated to protect diadromous fish species did not align with their core habitats.

-Diadromous fish are those which migrate between saltwater and freshwater environments. Only 55 per cent of modelled core habitats identified for diadromous fish overlapped with the MPAs. Of these protected areas, only half had measures in place for the protection of the fish, according to the study. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/fish-moving-between-marine-freshwater-ecosystems-have-designated-protected-areas-but-no-protection-in-them-study-96402  (29 May 2024)

FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERFOLKS

Delhi Fishermen are battling a dying Yamuna and govt apathy Every year, the Delhi government issues fishing licences but now it wants the community to stop fishing due to rising toxicity and depleting aquatic life. But fisherfolk are not ready to give up the profession they’ve inherited from their fathers and grandfathers. They’re also fighting a larger battle—for identity, respect, and a cleaner Yamuna. “Most senior officers do not even know that Delhi has fishermen,” said Gungun Kumar (37) who lives in a fishing colony in Sonia Vihar. Every year, he goes to the Delhi Development Ministry’s office to renew his licence only to be met with disbelief and disdain.

According to government records, the fisherfolk in Delhi are ghosts. Their licences don’t recognise them as professional; those fishing for leisure get the same one. And so, they are not entitled to government benefits like their counterparts in other states such as Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. And what good is a fishing licence when the river is dying, said Kumar. It’s a question licence-issuing officials ask them derisively when they queue up with their documents.

Now, a few fisherfolk are using Facebook, YouTube and WhatsApp to tell the city that they exist. They want to reclaim their identity, keep their skill from dying out, and reach consumers directly. Most of the fisherfolk at the colony in Sonia Vihar have moved on to other professions. They are labourers, drivers, factory workers and small-time entrepreneurs. But they haven’t put down their nets or boats. Every summer before the monsoon, they make it a point to trawl the Yamuna for fresh catch.

Most of the fisherfolk can trace their roots to West Bengal and Bihar. Their parents or grandparents migrated to Delhi for better employment opportunities, and settled along the banks of Yamuna—Burari, Sonia Vihar, Okhla—and continued their family profession. Back then, the catch was good, and the fish rates in local markets were higher than what they got in their villages. https://theprint.in/ground-reports/delhis-fishermen-are-battling-a-dying-yamuna-and-govt-apathy-what-good-is-a-licence/2106310/  (29 May 2024)

Uttar Pradesh गोविंद सागर बांध में उतराती मिलीं मरी मछलियां ललितपुर में गोविंद सागर बांध के पानी में काफी संख्या में मरी हुई मछलियां उतराती मिलीं। मछलियों की मौत कैसे और किन कारणों के चलते हुई, इसकी चर्चा गर्म है। यहां के सबसे पुराने बांधों में शुमार गोविंद सागर बांध के पानी से जहां किसानों को सिंचाई के लिए पानी मिलता है, वहीं शहरी लोगों सहित रेलवे को पेयजल के लिए पानी उपलब्ध कराया जाता है। बांध में मत्स्य पालन भी किया जाता है। इसके लिए शासन स्तर से ठेकेदार को नामित किया जाता है। कुछ दिन पूर्व गोविंद सागर बांध पर जाने वाले सैलानियों को साइफन के पास काफी संख्या में मरी मछलियां उतराती दिखीं। कार्यकारी प्रबंधक रिजर्व वायर झांसी आरएस त्यागी ने बताया कि गर्मी के मौसम में बांध में भरे पानी में ऑक्सीजन का स्तर कम हो जाता है, मछलियां ऑक्सीजन लेने ऊपर आती हैं। यहां गर्मी ज्यादा होने के कारण उनकी मौत होने की आशंका है। https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/lalitpur/dead-fish-found-while-unloading-in-govind-sagar-dam-lalitpur-news-c-131-1-sjhs1012-115217-2024-05-27 (27 May 2024)

Ujjain शिप्रा नदी में फिर मरी सैकड़ों मछलियां पाई गई हैं. सिप्रा के गऊ घाट और नरसिंह घाट की हालत बद से बदतर हो गई है. यहां श्रद्धालु बैठ भी नहीं सकते, स्नान तो दूर की बात. गऊ घाट के ऊपर मछलियों का ढेर लगा है. बता दें कि मोक्षदायिनी कही जाने वाली मां शिप्रा नदी में अब तक इंदौर, देवास व उज्जैन शहर के गंदे नाले मिलने की चर्चा जोरों पर रही है. लेकिन अब शिप्रा नदी में मछलियों के मरने की तस्वीरें लगातार सामने आने से हड़कंप है. https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/ujjain-shipra-pollution-big-issue-large-number-fish-died-shipra-ghats-ujjain-loksabha-seat-election-mps24051003682  (10 May 2024)

कान्ह नदी के प्रदूषित जल से शनिवार (March 23) को मोक्षदायिनी शिप्रा के रामघाट पर सैकड़ों मछलियां मर गई। जल से उठती दुर्गंध के कारण कई श्रद्धालु बिना स्नान किए ही लौट गए। शिप्रा की दुर्दशा देखकर भक्तों की धार्मिक भावना आहत हो रही है। https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/ujjain-ujjain-news-fishes-died-at-ramghat-of-shipra-river-due-to-polluted-water-of-kanh-river-8293151  (24 March 2024)

SAND MINING

Report Understanding sand mining crisis -India’s rivers are facing an alarming crisis due to rampant and often illegal sand mining, which is threatening the survival of endangered species and disrupting the delicate ecological balance of these vital waterways. According to estimates by the Mines Minerals and People (MM&P) alliance, the illicit trade in sand could be worth over $2.3 billion annually in India. Organizations like the Wildlife Conservation Trust (WCT) are conducting extensive river surveys across the Gangetic plains, identifying areas affected by sandmining and using remote-sensing and GIS applications to track and assess its impacts on threatened species. Additionally, initiatives like India Sand Watch, an open-data project, are enabling the collection, annotation, and archiving of data related to sandmining in India, providing a valuable resource for policymakers, researchers, and environmental organizations. https://thred.com/change/understanding-the-sand-mining-crisis-in-indias-rivers/  (30 May 2024)

Madhya Pradesh Govt seems to have taken a decision that may help the illegal sand mining. The state govt has decided that Patwari and ASI level officers cannot take any action against illegal sand mining or overloaded vehicles. They can only inform the revenue officials at various levels. This may help leak out the information of any action to the sand miners. (Dainik Bhaskar 25 May 2024)

What’s govt doing to stop killing of officials: HC MP govt seems to have taken a decision that may help the illegal sand mining. The state govt has decided that Patwari and ASI level officers cannot take any action against illegal sand mining or overloaded vehicles. They can only inform the revenue officials at various levels. This may help leak out the information of any action to the sand miners. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/whats-government-doing-to-stop-killing-of-officials-by-sand-mafia-asks-madhya-pradesh-high-court/articleshow/110163607.cms  (16 May 2024)

Karnataka Curb illegal sand mining in Sharavathi river: NGT The NGT has directed the State Environment Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) and mines and geology department to stop any unlawful/illegal sand mining in Sharavathi river coastal zone. The NGT’s southern zone bench of Justice Pushpa Sathyanarayana and expert member Satyagopal Korlapati was hearing an application regarding damage caused to flora and fauna due to illegal sand mining.

The SEIAA submitted before the tribunal that no environment clearance was granted to any of the parties for sand mining on Sharavathi river in the coastal zone of Uttara Kannada district. “The (department) is unable to say whether the transport dispatch permits granted by them relate to already excavated sand which is in the stockyard or it is for the freshly mined sand. Therefore, we make it clear that such operations cannot continue without approvals from appropriate authorities,” it said.  The bench directed both wings of the government to inspect the areas and file a report by July 26. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/curb-illegal-sand-mining-in-sharavathi-river-ngt-tells-govt-3042382  (29 May 2024)

Geologist attacked in Honnavar taluk Senior geologist Asha MS, who was attacked by a group of people involved in illegal sand extraction, has written to the Uttara Kannada police requesting protection for the scientists of Geological Survey of India. Asha had visited the Aaroli village in Honnavar taluk, on Wednesday (April 24), to raid an illegal sand mining site. However, she was stopped by a group of 12 locals, who abused her and issued a death threat. The geologist returned to Honnavar and went straight to the police to register a complaint. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Apr/26/illegal-sand-mining-geologist-attacked-in-karnatakas-honnavar-taluk  (26 April 2024)

Jammu & Kashmir Illegal mining damaging fisheries -Peerzada Rayees from Sail Beerwah in Central Kashmir’s Budgam district has been in search of justice for more than a week now. Last year, Rayees set up a fish farm with the support of the Department of Fisheries, J&K. He was planning to sell his crop towards the end of May but before he could do so, his entire crop of trout fish died during the intervening night of May 23rd and 24th, as the fresh water supply to his farm was diverted by people involved in Illegal riverbed mining in Sukhnag river. The average weight of the fish was between 200 to 350 grams. Till date neither has any FIR been registered against the accused people nor has any senior officer from administration visited his farm. Rayees and his brothers had made an investment of Rs 9 lakhs on this farm but before they could reap its benefits, the entire fish population in his farm had perished.  https://kashmirobserver.net/2024/05/29/illegal-riverbed-mining-the-harm-spreads-to-fisheries-industry/  (29 May 2024)

झारखंड  499 खनन प्रोजेक्ट पर एनजीटी की रोक राज्य प्रदूषण नियंत्रण पर्षद को साहिबगंज में रसूखदारों को शर्तें पूरा नहीं करने पर भी खनन करने की अनुमति देना भारी पड़ा गया है। पर्षद की इस करतूत को एनजीटी ने गंभीरता से लेते हुए पूर्व में खनन परियेाजनाओं के लिए जारी लाइसेंस पर तत्काल प्रभाव से रोक लगाने का निर्देश दिया है। इसके बाद प्रदूषण बोर्ड के अध्यक्ष शशिकर सामंता ने रांची सहित राज्यभर में संचालित 499 खनन परियेाजनाओं पर रोक लगा दी है।

-सामंता ने 13 सितंबर 2018 के बाद बोर्ड द्वारा जारी सभी कन्सर्ट टू एस्टेब्लिशमेंट (सीटीई) और कन्सर्ट टू ऑपरेट (सीटीओ) को रद्द कर दिया है। बोर्ड ने संबंधित सीटीई और सीटीओ पर चल रहे खनन परियेाजनाओं को भी तत्काल बंद करने का निर्देश दिया है। जिन परियेाजनाओं को बंद करने का निर्देश दिया गया है, उनमें पत्थर खनन करने वाली 165, कोयला खनन वाली 105, बालू खनन करने वाली 157 और लौह अयस्क का खनन करने वाली 72 कंपनियां शामिल हैं।

– इन कंपनियों से खनन होने की स्थिति में प्राथमिकी दर्ज करने का भी निर्देश दिया गया है। मालूम हो कि प्रदूषण कंट्रोल बोर्ड पिछले छह वर्षों से तय मापदंडों का पालन किए बिना ही सीटीओ और सीटीई जारी कर रहा था। इससे संबंधित मामले की सुनवाई एनजीटी में चल रही थी। सुनवाई के दौरान बोर्ड ने एनजीटी के समक्ष गलत तथ्य प्रस्तुत किया था। इसके बाद यह कार्रवाई हुई l https://www.bhaskar.com/local/jharkhand/ranchi/news/ngt-bans-499-mining-projects-in-the-state-case-filed-if-sand-and-stone-are-extracted-133100748.html  (31 May 2024)

Chhattisgarh अवैध रेत खनन रोकने खड़ी कर दी कांक्रीट की दीवार राजिम में खनिज विभाग ने एक नई पहल करते हुए चौबे चौबेबांधा और सिंधौरी के अवैध रेत घाट की ओर जाने वाले मार्ग पर 25 फीट लंबी और 4 फीट चौड़ी सीमेंट कांक्रीट की दीवार खड़ी कर दी है, जिसके चलते फिलहाल अवैध रेत उत्खनन बंद है। देखना यह होगा कि, जिला प्रशासन की इस दीवार को रेत माफिया कब तक लांघेंगे।https://www.haribhoomi.com/state-local/chhattishgarh/news/mining-department-adopted-unique-solution-erected-concrete-wall-stop-illegal-sand-mining-26291  (20 May 2024)

WETLANDS, LAKES, WATER BODIES

Kerala Lawyer points out HC over water pollution in Ashtamudi Lake  A plea has been filed with the High Court of Kerala by Advocate Boris Paul, President of Kollam Bar Association, against dumping of waste and illegal encroachments into Ashtamudi Lake causing water pollution and destruction of mangrove forests. The Division Bench consisting of Chief Justice AJ Desai And Justice VG Arun has forwarded the case to July 5. The court also issued notice to Kollam Municipal Corporation and related to Grama Panchayaths.

The plea said that despite its ecological significance, Lake Ashtamudi is not managed or cared for by the government. The plea points out that the NGT imposed a fine of Rs 10 crore on the state government in March 2023 for failing to protect Ashtamudi and Vembanad lakes. It is said that the 15e The Kerala Legislative Assembly has submitted a detailed report to the Kerala Legislative Assembly on the measures to be taken to improve water quality in the lake, including setting up the Ashtamudi Wetland Management Authority.

The plea also seeks the appointment by the Court of an independent monitoring committee to implement the remedial measures and ensure compliance with them. The Court also directs to ensure continuous monitoring by the authorities to ensure the long-term conservation of Ashtamudi Lake. https://www.grinningface.ca/vir458/tjfaic61541k1dcd46.php  ; https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/kerala-high-court/kerala-high-court-ashtamudi-lake-water-pollution-and-mangrove-forest-destruction-259406  (01 June 2024)

Farmers of Kole wetlands are in trouble: Agri expert While the farmers in the Thrissur-Ponnani Kole wetlands are urging the state government to compensate them for the crop loss this year and to release the study report jointly conducted by the Kerala Agriculture University and the agriculture department in this regard, experts have pointed out that intense heat may have caused the low yield.

A Latha, chief of the Agriculture Research Station in Mannuthy, said that the centre has collected samples of soil and crops for detailed lab analysis. “The tests are under way. Our studies on the field have made it clear that intense heat in the atmosphere affected paddy cultivation. Not just in the Kole wetlands, the phenomenon could cause similar issues of low yield across the state due to the climatic condition,” she said. In the Kole wetlands, paddy is harvested mainly in March and April. “However, the scorching heat at the time of the paddy spikes (kathir) formation led to the poor harvest. In some regions, even the pollination process was affected due to the climate,” she said. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/May/14/around-30000-farmers-of-kole-wetlands-in-kerala-are-in-trouble-agriculture-expert  (14 May 2024)

WATER OPTIONS

SANDRP Blog Becoming water smart holds key to water secure future The key question in the context of water scarcity is, what is the most optimal way of maximum harvesting, storage, recharge and utilisation of rains and local flows. The key component to achieve this objective is the catchment of any river or stream. Greater the capacity of the catchment to harvest, hold, store and recharge rainwater at or close to the source, nearer we will be to achieving this objective. https://sandrp.in/2024/05/28/becoming-water-smart-holds-the-key-to-our-water-secure-future/  (28 May 2024) The same article by SANDRP Coordinator in The Tribune on May 28 2024: https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/becoming-water-smart-holds-the-key-to-tackling-scarcity-625429  (“28 May 2024)

Coimbatore 120 families reap benefits of recycling waste water Members of Mount Rain Drop Apartments, a gated community situated in Nehru Nagar West near Kalapatti have been treating waste water discharged from 120 residential flats since 2018 by setting up multiple sewage treatment plants on the premises. The recycled water is used for gardening and flushing in every household. What’s more. they plan to sell surplus water for industrial use.

The residents spent Rs 12 lakh on installing the treatment plant in first phase. The second phase of the plant is sponsored by a water purification firm through which they plan to sell water to industries. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/May/29/120-families-in-coimbatore-reap-benefits-of-recycling-waste-water  (29 May 2024)

Maharashtra Mission creates more storage in water bodies The Jal Samruddhi Abhiyan was aimed at removing silt from Gangapur and other dams. The project was developed by the district administration with the help of private entities. From the excavation of silt to transportation, almost all the work was carried out by private firms. The farmers, however, also pay the transportation costs to some extent. “A total of 82,266 cubic metres of silt was removed from all 8 locations where the project was started. This removal helped us restore a water capacity of 8.22 crore litres,” a senior WRD official said. The officer further added that under this project, govt did not spend anything. Apart from the Gangapur dam, 1.29 crore litres of capacity were reclaimed in a minor irrigation tank at Vilholi. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/mission-creates-more-storage-in-water-bodies/articleshow/110647913.cms  (03 June 2024)

GROUNDWATER

Punjab Water contamination: NGT wants health check-ups The tribunal has taken cognisance of a news report published in The Times of India, which highlighted the issue of groundwater pollution in Punjab caused by agricultural run-off. The report, titled ‘Agricultural run-off causing groundwater pollution in Punjab, making drinking water unsafe’, prompted the tribunal to take suo motu notice of the matter. The chief secretary has also been asked to ensure that groundwater monitoring is carried out adequately in all the districts.

The state govt, in its response, acknowledged the presence of contaminants such as nitrate, fluoride, heavy metals, radioactive elements, including uranium, in the southern and southwestern regions of the state. These pollutants have been found in significant quantities, exceeding the permissible limits, as reported by various agencies. However, the govt maintains that there are no reports indicating groundwater contamination caused by agricultural run-off, specifically pollution from pesticides and fertilisers. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/ngt-directs-punjab-govt-for-health-check-ups-in-areas-with-polluted-groundwater/articleshow/110648293.cms  (03 June 2024)

Telangana GO 15 imposed in Nizamabad to regulate groundwater usage The State Ground Water Department has decided to implement GO 15 concerning ground water extraction rules in the district. The state government already has WALTA 2004 ACT to regulate groundwater extraction and uses. Additionally, the Union government’s Jala Shakti Ministry introduced another ACT in 2023. Following which, the Ground Water Department has decided to implement this act in the state, aiming to monitor and regulate groundwater usage.  https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2024/Mar/25/go-15-imposed-in-nizamabad-to-regulate-groundwater-usage  (15 March 2024)

URBAN LAKES, WETLANDS

Mumbai Clean-up drive held at DPS lake Titled ‘Dharti Ki Awaz,’ this clean-up drive saw an impressive turnout of over 300 individuals of various age groups. Supported by authorities such as NMMC, the Forest Department, NRI Coastal Police, Mangrove Cell, and communities like NMEPS and Environment Life Foundation RCNM Sunrise, the endeavour was a resounding success, culminating in the collection of 450 kilograms of waste. This concerted effort marks a significant stride towards a cleaner, more conscientious future. https://www.newsband.in/article_detail/massive-clean-up-drive-held-at-dps-lake-to-mark-world-environment-day  (01 June 2024)

Noida Dhanauri suffers from ‘water drought’ A major sarus crane habitat in the state, Dhanauri wetland has dried up since last month. As per a 2015 remote sensing exercise, the wetland is spread over 33 hectares. Over the last few years, foresters and green activists have pitched it to be classified as a Ramsar site — a wetland of international importance. The wetland dried up in April 2021 as well. Activists say the wetland could be suffering from ‘water drought’ — a prolonged, abnormally dry period — due to a twin effect of a drier climate and excessive extraction or diversion of water than what normally flows into the waterbody.

City-based birder Jaswinder Waraich said there was very little water left in the waterbody, barely enough to sustain a few waterfowl, in March. And by April 10, it had all dried up. “When it comes to the wetland, the forest department and Yamuna Expressway Authority (YEIDA) try to pass the buck. Currently, a small ditch has been dug and a motor is being used to extract groundwater to replenish the waterbody. But this cannot be a long-term solution,” Waraich said. Dhanauri gets its water from neighbouring farms and canals, and needs a more permanent water source, he added. A forest department official, meanwhile, claimed they have given directions for the restoration of water in Dhanauri and the work would be completed by Sunday (May 05). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/noida/dhanauri-wetland-suffers-from-water-drought-causing-drying-up-of-major-sarus-crane-habitat/articleshow/109827202.cms  (04 May 2024)

Srinagar Dal Lake in Srinagar is under threat from pollution and sewage. Can local efforts help? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmFkjR4fp48  (23 May 2024)

URBAN WATER

Bengaluru From 100 to 1,800 feet: Depleting groundwater level When there were many lakes in Bengaluru, drilling to 100 feet would result in striking water, but now it has gone down to 1,800 feet and there is still no water, said T.V. Ramachandra from IISc.’s Energy and Wetlands Research group. Speaking at a press conference to discuss the future of the Aghanashini Wetlands, he said: “My studies show when lakes were there (in large numbers) people were getting water at 100 feet. When we removed the lakes in the name of development in the five or six years it went down to 600 feet. Today they have gone down to 1,800 feet and there is no water.”

He added that Bengaluru’s green cover has been depleting over the years and that there has been a loss of wetlands and vegetation cover. “I have mapped the Bengaluru urban information system. There was 68% green cover in the 1970s but today 86% is red (buildings). We are losing wetlands. There has been a 1,055% increase in concrete area over five decades,” he said.  https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/from-100-to-1800-feet-bengalurus-depleting-groundwater-level/article67946628.ece  (13 March 2024)

Jaipur 16 blocks ‘overexploit’ groundwater resources: Report Sixteen blocks in Jaipur district have been categorised as ‘overexploited’ in terms of groundwater resources, with Govindgarh and Jhotwara blocks showing an alarming water table depletion level by 25m between 2020 and 2023. This was revealed by a comprehensive report submitted by the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) to the jal shakti ministry. The report said the district can suffer from a severe water crisis after just one bad monsoon.

The uncontrolled proliferation of illicit borewells at industrial units and those for irrigating agricultural land has led to the rapid depletion and desiccation of groundwater aquifers. The report further stated that the district used 2.25 litres of groundwater against a recharge of 1 litre in 2023. It also highlighted that 99% of the total irrigated land of 2.80 lakh hectares relied on groundwater for the same year. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/16-blocks-in-jaipur-overexploit-groundwater-resources-report/articleshow/110520451.cms  (29 May 2024)

WATER POLLUTION

Haryana NGT fines Amazon ₹6 lakh for violation of STP norms Chairperson Justice Prakash Shrivastava and expert member Dr A Senthil Vel reduced the amount of compensation from about ₹13 lakhs to ₹6 lakhs after reconsidering the number of days of the violation. The NGT recently upheld an order directing e-commerce giant Amazon to pay compensation for violating STP standards at its fulfilment centre in  Bilaspur. https://www.barandbench.com/news/ngt-amazon-compensation-violation-sewage-treatment-plant-norms-bilaspur  (01 June 2024)

Karnataka 13 fall ill after drinking contaminated water in Mysuru village Thirteen people fell ill after consuming contaminated water supplied through the pipeline at Muduvenahalli near Kollegal, just days after a person died because of the same reason in Mysuru district. In the latest incident, villagers, suffering from vomiting and diarrhoea, were shifted to Kollegal and were also treated at the primary health centre. They had complained of turning dark. Sewage and rainwater entering the borewells could be the reason for contamination, they said. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/May/27/13-fall-ill-after-drinking-contaminated-water-in-mysuru-village  (27 May 2024)

WATER

Rajasthan Gang Nehar and IGNP supplies water to about 20 m people in 15 districts, but Bhaskar investigation showed that this water is not potable. It has a number of heavy toxic metals and pesticides in addition to other pollutants. This is threat to the health of the people.

SUMMER 2024

Report Record-breaking heatwave worsened by climate change – Extreme heatwaves that occurred once every 50 years without human-caused warming are now likely to occur 4.8 times more often (or once every 10.4 years) and are 1.5ºC warmer. If emissions are not cut much faster than planned, they will become 2-3 times more common again.

-A dedicated study is no longer necessary to understand whether climate change made a particular heatwave hotter, as this is now the case for all heatwaves. Extreme event attribution studies have evaluated how much hotter and more likely climate change made past heatwaves in India in 2022, 2023, and 2024; all concluded that burning fossil fuels made these events dramatically more likely to happen. Human-induced climate change is also increasing the temperatures that are reached during each heat episode, putting millions of lives at risk. https://www.indiatoday.in/environment/story/india-faces-record-breaking-heatwave-worsened-by-climate-change-2545674-2024-05-30  (30 May 2024)

85 die of heat stress as mercury soars -At least 85 people died of suspected heat stress and related issues in Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh in 24 hours, senior officials in these regions said on Friday (May 31), amid an unforgiving heat spell that has pushed temperatures to unprecedented levels in many of these regions. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/85-die-of-heat-stress-as-mercury-soars-101717182478232.html  (01 June 2024)

Opinion The ongoing climate change and rapid urbanisation are now defining the Anthropocene, with the cities experiencing both thereby making the urban population vulnerable to the compounding impact. (S.S. Sethi, V Vinoj) https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/cities-warming-due-to-combined-effect-of-urbanisation-climate-change/article68236549.ece  (01 June 2024)

A new study by Delhi-based think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has revealed a dangerous trend in India’s biggest cities: Heat waves are becoming deadlier due to a combination of rising temperatures, increasing humidity and urban expansion. The research has also uncovered a worrying phenomenon: cities are not cooling down at night as much as they did during 2001-2010. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/urbanisation/indian-cities-no-longer-cooling-down-at-night-finds-cse-study-96370  (27 May 2024)

MONSOON 2024

SANDRP Blog Pre Monsoon 2024: District wise rainfall in India In the just concluded three month pre monsoon season (March 1 to May 31, 2024) India received 125.9mm (146.6 mm in Pre Monsoon 2023) rainfall, 4% below (12% above normal in 2023) the normal rainfall of 130.6 mm as per the India Meteorological Department (IMD). In 2020, 2021 and 2022 India received 158.5 mm, 155.2 mm and 130.6 or 20% above normal, 18% above normal and 1% below rainfall respectively.

So, this year, India has received the lowest pre monsoon season rainfall compared to previous four years. The article gives district wise rainfall figures for all districts of India. https://sandrp.in/2024/06/01/district-wise-rainfall-in-pre-monsoon-2024-season-in-india/ (01 June 2024)

Bengaluru Rain breaks 133-year-old record for the wettest day in June The heavy rain that battered the city uniformly, till late in the night, set a record for the wettest day in June by breaking the 133-year-old meteorological record. Until midnight on Sunday (June 02), Bengaluru received a whopping 111mm of rainfall making it the wettest day in June till date.

According to the officials from IMD, Bengaluru, the last record for the highest rainfall on a single day was on 16 June 1891 when the city recorded 101.6mm of rainfall. Surprisingly, Bengaluru also completed its monthly quota of rainfall. The average rainfall for the month of June in Bengaluru is about 110.3mm. However, the city over the last two days of June has already reported more than 120mm of rainfall according to the officials of IMD.

The highest rainfall in Bengaluru was recorded at Hampi Nagar with a rainfall of 110.50mm followed by Maruti Mandira ward (89.50 mm), Vidyapeetha (88.50 mm) and Cottonpet (87.50 mm). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-rain-breaks-133-year-old-record-for-the-wettest-day-in-june/articleshow/110654075.cms  (03 June 2024)

Study Asymmetric distribution of rainfall frequency & amounts in India Abstract: Studies of rainfall usually focus on the total amount precipitating throughout a certain period. Compared to rain rates associated with extreme events, the rain rates associated with the most frequent events is understudied. In this study, the characteristics of daily precipitation in India are explored using two metrics – rain frequency peak (the most frequent non-zero rain rate) and rain amount peak (the rain rate at which the most amount of rain falls). These metrics are computed over India using local and global datasets to investigate the characteristics of typical daily precipitation accumulations. These values are sensitive to the dataset used for this analysis since the temporal and spatial resolution of the rainfall data will influence the rain frequency peak and rain amount peak. Our study reveals the rain frequency peak is highest during the summer monsoon, while the winter season exhibits lower values, particularly at higher latitudes. Similarly, the rain amount distribution indicates dominance of heavy rain ratesduring the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, leading to high total precipitation. The maximum rain frequency peak for any region in India reaches up to a value of 35 mm/day while the maximum rain amount peak reaches up to a value as high as 90 mm/day. These metrics would be useful in systematically evaluating typical daily precipitation in regional climate models and assessing downstream impacts of uneven precipitation such as lower crop yields, flood-drought alterations, and fluctuating water availability. https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/3628/   (May 2024)

Monsoons are changing in India Based on dissection of 40 years of rainfall data across more than 4,500 Indian sub-districts (tehsils). Monsoons comes from the Arabic word mausim, meaning season and are periodic changes in wind direction. In January 202, the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) published its report detailing how monsoons are becoming more erratic across India. Even adjacent tehsils are seeing different trends in rainfall — hindering grass-roots preparedness at local levels.

– Many tehsils in historically arid states, such as Rajasthan, Gujarat and central Maharashtra, experienced 10–30% more southwest-monsoon rains in the past ten years (2012–22) than during the three preceding decades (1982–2011). By contrast, around 11% of Indian tehsils have seen a decrease in southwest-monsoon rainfall of more than 10%. Most lie in Indo-Gangetic plains, the fragile Indian Himalayan region and the northeastern states. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01517-3  (28 May 2024)

FLOOD 2024

Dam Flood Assam NEEPCO dam triggers severe flooding Severe flooding has struck several regions following the opening of dam gates by the North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited (NEEPCO).

Due to incessant rains and strong winds, NEEPCO released water from the Karbi Langpi Hydro Electric Project and the Khandong dam, causing the Kopili and Borpani rivers to overflow. https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/neepco-opens-dam-gates-triggering-severe-flooding-in-assams-kampur  (29 May 2024)

Himachal Pradesh पार्वती नदी में बाढ़, पुल बहा  गुरुवार  (May 23) शाम मणिकर्ण घाटी में भी पार्वती नदी का जलस्तर बढऩे से कटागला गांव को जोडऩे वाला पुल बह गया है। कटागला पुल के बहने से ग्रामीणों का भुंतर-मणिकर्ण सडक़ से संपर्क टूट गया है, जिसके चलते अब लोगों को दिक्कतों का सामना करना पड़ रहा है। वहीं, अब भुंतर-मणिकर्ण सडक़ से जोडऩे के लिए ग्रामीणों को पांच किलोमीटर पैदल पहाड़ी से सफर तय करना पड़ रहा है।  https://www.divyahimachal.com/2024/05/parvati-river-flooded-bridge-washed-away-contact-lost-in-katagala/  (24 May 2024)

HFL BREACH

Assam River Katakhal at Matijuri site in Hailakandi district continues to flow in severe flood situation and is set to cross its HFL after 17 years. CWC has forecasted the flood level in river to reach 22.95 meter at 18:00 hour on 30.05.2024 which is 0.22 meter higher than the HFL 22.73 meter dated 10.09.2007.

DISASTERS

EDIT Before the next storm This Indian Express Edit rightly asks for overhaul of disaster management system, keep in mind multi hazard disasters and need for proactive role of the disaster management authorities, starting from NDMA.

https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/editorials/cyclone-remal-aftermath-shows-why-its-necessary-to-build-disaster-resilient-infrastructure-9360252/  (30 May 2024)

DROUGHT 2024

Maharashtra Ujani dam level dips to lowest in 40 years The water level in the Ujani dam in Indpaur tehsil has receded to -59.4% of the total dead storage capacity of 66.67 TMC. It is the lowest water level since its opening in 1980, said officials of the state irrigation department. Raosaheb More, executive engineer, Ujani dam, told TOI, “In 2019, the water level had reduced to negative 59.05, which was the previous lowest. After releasing 5.81 TMC water for Solapur, between May 10 and May 22, the dead water storage has receded to negative 59.4 per cent. This is the lowest it has been since 1980.”

-The dam is the lifeline of farmers in Solapur, Indapur and some areas of Ahmednagar district. Sugar cane, pomegranate etc have been hit badly in dam’s backwater region, said farmers. “The current storage of the dam is 32 TMC. It is reserved only for drinking purposes. About 40 drinking water schemes in Pune, Solapur and Ahmednagar districts are dependent on this water. So, we will not release water from the dam in next two months,” More added.

-Officials are not ruling out further depletion in water level in the coming days. “We get water in Ujani only when dams in the Bhima basin are filled to capacity. So, we expect water in the dam only in the last week of June. It depends on rainfall,” said another official.

-The dam is a source of income for fishermen in Indapur. The Bhigwan fish market has emerged as one of the ‘biggest river fish’ markets in the state on Pune-Solapur highway. The economy of local eateries is dependent on this market. People from different parts of the state visit this fish market regularly. “But less water in the dam has impacted the fishermen as they are not getting enough catch. This year, fishing has been dull,” said Pravin Kadekar, a fisherman from Bhigwan market. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/pune/ujani-dam-level-dips-to-lowest-in-40-years-indapur-villages-hit/articleshowprint/110546829.cms?val=3728  (30 May 2024)

Farmers are weary of politicians’ lackluster response to water crisis Londhe is one of India’s 120 million farmers who share fast-shrinking water resources as groundwater is pumped out faster than rain can replenish it. Drought-prone areas like Marathwada are at the sharp end of the shortage, making life unbearable for many. As the country continues to vote in its marathon six-week election, farmers are looking for longer-term solutions to the water problem, like building canal networks from distant rivers. But politicians have promised and done little to secure water for them, with activists saying that big businesses and large farms are being prioritized instead. https://apnews.com/article/climate-water-india-election-maharashtra-farming-crisis-b4de71d80687b93f6f411555b9dac6a5  (24 May 2024)

Karnataka KRS Dam Got 20-Year Lowest Inflow In 2023-24  Krishna Raja Sagar (KRS) Dam, the lifeline of the people of Mandya and Mysuru districts, which also caters to the drinking water needs of towns and cities in Cauvery basin and Bengaluru, has recorded the lowest inflow in 20 years during the monsoon year of 2023 and 2024.

As per the figures furnished by the authorities of the Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC), in the monsoon year of 2023-2024 (till May 31, 2024), the KRS Dam recorded an inflow of 78 tmcft and an outflow of 73 tmcft, the lowest in 20 years. Records show that in 2003, the Dam recorded an inflow of 66 tmcft and an outflow of 19.6 tmcft. After 2003, this is the first time such a low inflow has been recorded. Notably, the monsoon year of 2022-2023 fetched an inflow of 324 tmcft to the KRS Dam, and it recorded an outflow of 334 tmcft, one of the highest outflows recorded in the reservoir.

In 2022, the KRS Dam filled up twice between June and July. The actual capacity of the KRS Dam is 49.45 tmcft. The Dam received an inflow of 100 tmcft from June 1, 2022, to July 28, 2022. An outflow of 76 tmcft was recorded then. From July 12 to July 19, 2022 (8 days), the KRS Dam saw an inflow of 50 tmcft and an outflow of 48 tmcft. The same year, the KRS Dam received the highest inflow of 324 tmcft, the highest in 20 years, and in 2018, the dam received 244 tmcft. In 2007, it recorded an inflow of 235 tmcft. Apart from the lowest inflow in 2003 and 2004 (97 tmcft), the dam received a decent inflow from 2005 (193 tmcft) until 2012 when it plummeted to 86 tmcft and recorded 79 tmcft in 2016.  https://starofmysore.com/krs-dam-got-20-year-lowest-inflow-in-2023-24/  (02 June 2024)

Madhya Pradesh Dire drinking water situation in Baheri tribal village in Rampurakalan in Muraina district.

ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE

Report Great Indian tree cover loss On May 20 2024, the NGT took up an important case, suo motu (“on its own motion”): it asked the union government — including the environment ministry — to explain why India has lost a whopping 2.33 million hectares of tree cover between 2000 and 2023. The Wire explains what this suo motu case is, what caused the apex green court to take it up, and why this marks an important juncture in India’s fight to protect its environment.

– On April 13, the Indian Express published a news report titled “India lost 2.33 million hectares of tree cover since 2000: Global Forest Watch”. The news report (republished from the news agency, Press Trust of India) quoted data presented by the Global Forest Watch (GFW) on the status of tree cover loss in India. The GFW is an online platform that provides real-time data (from sources including satellite imagery) on how forest cover is changing across the world, as well as tools for monitoring them. https://thewire.in/environment/explained-the-great-indian-tree-cover-loss  (29 May 2024)

Sustainable development must lead to economic growth Senior Journalist Shailendra Yashwant says in forthright way why environment should be the priority for the new government in Delhi, worlds the most polluted capital city. The environment and climate change related risks could cost India 3% of GDP. https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/for-the-new-government-sustainable-development-must-lead-to-economic-growth-3039935  (27 May 2024)

Climate change vanished from the BJP’s election manifestoes India is in the midst of a massive general election lasting over a month and a half and involving nearly a billion voters. It is also experiencing a series of heatwaves, with temperatures exceeding 40 degrees celsius. Strikingly, though, the election manifesto of the BJP, the leading party in the NDA and widely seen as the frontrunner, barely mentions climate change.

– The manifesto mentions the specific term just once – in its last chapter on sustainability – in the context of building resilience for coastal communities. The chapter, like most in the BJP’s manifesto, is decidedly upbeat – choosing phrases like “climate smart” and “climate resilient”, with no measurable indicators of what they mean, or specific ways that the government will act. The only downbeat note is a passing mention of increasing disasters in the Himalayan region. https://scroll.in/article/1068176/from-2014-to-2024-climate-change-vanished-from-the-bjps-election-manifestoes  (26 May 2024)

SOUTH ASIA

India-Nepal According to this report (Dainik Bhaskar May 29 2024), Nepal has built (leaving aside role of China agencies mentioned in the report) a 52 gate barrage on Karmaiah on Bagmati river, reducing the water flow reaching India at Belwa Ghat barrage significantly, putting question mark over the plan to link Bagmati with Burhi Gandak. The situation of Kamla balan and Lakhandeyi rivers are similar.

THE REST OF THE WORLD

USA Houston officials scrapped post-Harvey flood control system before May overflow Dilemma for Dam operators as seen in Houston in Early May 2024: As a heavy hurricane season begins Saturday, water managers will again face a fresh test as they balance lake and river levels against weather forecasts that can change in an instant, deluging one region while leaving another area largely untouched.

– Floods that drowned homes near the San Jacinto River in early May re-ignited tension over water management between Harris and Montgomery counties and the city of Houston as the region braces for another active hurricane season. Devastating flooding during Hurricane Harvey convinced local leaders to adopt a temporary policy of lowering water levels in Lake Conroe during the spring rain and hurricane seasons. The move was designed to free up space in the lake so that if it rained, the drinking water reservoir could take on more runoff before forcing managers to rapidly release water down the San Jacinto River’s West Fork, flooding neighbors to the south. This year, officials stopped the routine lake lowering.

– Days before the May storms, the new general manager of the San Jacinto River Authority, Aubrey Spear, told his board that he had agreed with Houston officials to “pivot away from seasonal lake lowering, officially, to active storm management.” The city had already suspended spring and fall water level reductions for two years due to back-to-back droughts. The new plan required the authority to coordinate with the city when flooding seemed imminent, lowering Lake Conroe in concert with managers at Lake Houston to minimize overflow. https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/environment/article/lake-conroe-houston-flooding-may-drop-drain-19445997.php  (31 May 2024)

Compiled by SANDRP (ht.sandrp@gmail.com)

Also see: DRP News Bulletin 27 May 2024 & DRP News Bulletin 20 May 2024  

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