2023: People’s Protests Against Hydro & Dam Projects in India

(Feature Image: Joshimath locals take part in a protest rally against the NTPC project in landslide-hit Joshimath town of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand. PTI Photo/Source: Financial Express)

This yearend overview compiles the ten remarkable reports on community led protests against dam and hydro power projects in India in 2023. The report also covers some important judicial and government decisions regarding dams related issues during the year. It further compiles some relevant reports which significantly highlight bleak future of hydro and dam projects due to persistent decline in power generation, rise in construction cost and corruption issues. The first part of the overview detailing on dams and hydro projects related disasters in 2023 can be seen here.

Peoples’ Protests against Dams & Hydro Projects

1. NORTH EAST  Teesta Declaration to safeguard rivers Organisations from across Northeast India who gathered in Gangtok, Sikkim, for the ‘Northeast India meet on free-flowing rivers’ have come up with the Teesta Declaration to safeguard the rivers of the region from large hydroelectric dams. The gathering called for an immediate halt to the construction of large dams in Northeast India, citing concerns over fragile biodiversity, seismic activity, climate change, and various social and environmental impacts. The assembly demanded scrapping of the 1,200 MW Teesta-III dam in Sikkim, citing the disastrous consequences witnessed on 3-4 October, which had led to loss of lives and extensive damage to infrastructure and properties in Sikkim and North Bengal.

A call was made to international financial institutions, including the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, to cease financing large dams in Northeast India, emphasising the importance of sustainable and just energy solutions. The two-day event, which started on 29 November, was organised by the Affected Citizens of Teesta, the Centre for Research and Advocacy, Manipur, and the Borok Peoples Human Rights Organisation. The participants addressed critical concerns regarding the region’s rivers and their ecosystems.

The key resolutions in the declaration include preservation of river flow, as the participants unanimously resolved to ensure unimpeded flow of all the rivers in Sikkim and across Northeast India, recognising the inherent right of rivers to flow freely. The Arunachal delegation consisted of Dibang Resistance’s EboMili, Siang Indigenous Farmer’s Forum general secretary DunggoLibang, and Lobsang Gyatso. The event was organised by the ACT’s Gyatso Lepcha and co-organised by Manipur-based Centre for Research and Advocacy secretary JitenYumnam and Tripura-based Burok People’s Human Rights Organisation secretary-general Anthony Debbarma. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/12/04/teesta-declaration-to-safeguard-ne-rivers/  (04 Dec. 2023)

2. ARUNACHAL PRADESH Orgs take dam issue to UN forum Civil societies from Arunachal Pradesh share about struggles, threats and govts’ regressive, undemocratic responses regarding local people’s resistance against big dam projects in North East during the 4th edition of the United Nations Business and Human Rights Forum, which was held on 22-23 March in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Touching upon the climate anxieties, Bhanu Tatak highlighted the Kaptai hydroelectric project in Bangladesh that displaced the indigenous Chakmas, who are forced to become climate migrants in indigenous territories of Arunachal, “which is leading to unwanted confrontations between both the vulnerable communities.” The mega dams in Arunachal in Lower Subansiri (2,000 mw), Siang (10,000 mw) and Dibang (2,880 mw), if developed or sanctioned, have the potential to displace and imbalance more than 1 million lives in Arunachal and downstream Assam, which will intensify forced migration and unskilled and informal labourers, denting the nation’s economy and performance.

Mili asked about “the role of the UN in defending the defenders,” and gave examples of journalists and activists being harassed by the state and branded as antinational. He also quoted an article published on ‘The Third Pole’ on 7 April, 2020, in which the CM of Arunachal stated that “… any opposition to development projects is antinational” and warned that he had already instructed the intelligence bureau to act against anyone found misguiding people. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/03/24/arunachal-orgs-take-dam-issue-to-un-forum/  (24 March 2023)

Proposed mega dams cause of concern The United Nations South Asia Forum on Business and Human Rights (UNSAFBHR), held during March 22-23, forum provided an opportunity for participants to discuss challenges faced by workers and employees in Asia, particularly violations of human rights. Representatives from India’s state of Arunachal Pradesh – namely Tasik Pangkam, Bhanu Tatak and Ebo Mili attended this 4th edition of the UNSAFBHR. Pangkam represented SIFF while Tatak and Mili represented Dibang Resistance and Indigenous Rights Advocacy Dibang respectively.

– Pangkam submitted a memorandum to UNSAFBHR working group chairman Dr. PichamonYeophantong, highlighting about 10,000MW dam over Siang River and hinted about socio economic anxieties of people in future to be caused by the mega dams. He also highlighted that their forum during last 13 yearshas sent representation to high court, Indian PM, Arunachal Pradesh Govt and governor and Human Rights Commission of Assam. He stressed that Adis of Siang cannot accept the proposed 10,000 MW in their ancestral territory that threatens the very existence and identity of the Adis. He implored UN working group and other international environment and indigenous people’s bodies, residents of downstream Assam and Bangladesh to oppose the mega dam.

Tatak presented three hydropower cases of the state, namely 2880 MW Dibang Multipurpose Hydro Electric power project, 10,000 MW Siang HEP and 3097 MW Etalin HEP. She highlighted that NHPC’s bad track record and violation of indigenous people’s rights, especially in Sikkim, Assam, Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh states and said that PIL filed in Itanagar permanent bench of Gauhati High Court by SIFF received the jurisdiction in favor of SIFF despite NHPC is still conducting surveys and studies across Siang without people’s consent. https://arunachalobserver.org/2023/03/24/unsafbhr-meets-in-nepal-proposed-mega-dams-cause-of-concern-arunachalees/  (24 March 2023)

3. SIKKIM NO MORE LARGE DAMS IN SIKKIM: SIBLAC CONVENTION Four key resolutions were adopted during the BL convention organised by Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC) on Sunday (Nov. 05) at Chintan Bhawan here.“No more large dams in Sikkim and any other projects which are ecologically harmful and detrimental to the socio economic aspect of the Sikkimese people,” it was unanimously resolved in the convention.

The convention also resolved to submit a representation to the Chief Justice of Sikkim High Court “appealing to take up suo-moto action initiating CBI investigation into the construction of the Sikkim Teesta Urja hydel project and the failure of dam due to GLOF”.

Through another resolution, the SIBLAC convention also sought rehabilitation and fair compensation for the flood victims, and a master plan for development of all the affected areas of North Sikkim and its implementation within a specific period.The ACT general secretary appealed the State government to scrap the 520 Mw Teesta-IV hydel project proposed by the NHPC in Dzongu.At the convention, it was also resolved to endorse all the resolutions adopted on December 11, 2022. https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/no-more-large-dams-in-sikkim-siblac-convention  (06 Nov. 2023)

4. W BENGAL GTA passes resolution against new hydro projects On Nov 1, 2023, the Gorkhaland Territorial Administration resolved not to allow any new hydro project in GTA area.The decision was taken following the Oct. 03-04 GLOF devastation from South Lonark Lake.

Opposition to setting up hydel projects in Darjeeling hills has been brewing ever since thousands had to abandon their houses due to soil subsidence at Joshimath early this year.Locals in Bijanbari had earlier stopped the construction of notches and the installation of gauges for recording the discharge of water to check the feasibility of setting up a 6MW project at Balawas and a 12MW project at ChottaRangit in the area.

As of now, Bengal has 20 operating hydropower projects — of which 15 are in the Darjeeling hills, which has a combined capacity of 533 MW.W Bengal State Electricity Distribution Corp Ltd has identified a potential to generate another 995MW of hydropower. https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/gorkhaland-territorial-administration-adopts-resolution-to-bar-construction-of-hydel-projects-in-darjeeling/cid/1977025   (02 Nov. 2023)

GTA threatens to stop work at 2 hydel power projects The Gorkhaland Territorial Administration (GTA), a semi-autonomous body which governs the Darjeeling and Kalimpong hills in north Bengal, has threatened to stop two hydel power projects over the Teesta River in Kalimpong after a flash flood killed more than 90 people in Sikkim last week.

Teesta Low Dam Project (TLDP) III at Reang. “We will not allow the 132 MW Teesta Low Dam Project (TLDP) III at Reang and 160 MW TLDP-IV at Kalijhora to function unless the National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) addresses local concerns, including building up of embankments,” said Anit Thapa, chief executive of GTA.

“Teesta Riverbed has gone up in Kalimpong and Darjeeling district due to the debris accumulated due to flood. This has posed a bigger threat & the NHPC must build embankments. Till then, we will not allow the two projects to function,” Thapa said.

“We will try to do whatever is possible within our purview. Multiple agencies are working to restore normalcy. In the hills, vulnerable points keep on developing and we undertake regular surveys. Our team is on the job. Only two of the four units at TLDP-IV are operational at present. All four units of TLDP-III have been kept shut due to silt brought in by the flood waters,” said LK Tripathi, executive director (Siliguri-region) of NHPC. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/gta-threatens-to-stop-work-at-two-hydel-power-projects-over-teesta-after-floods-101697355107107.html  (15 Oct. 2023)

5. MEGHALAYA Citizens’ consultation calls for halting dam projects A consultation on the protection of indigenous peoples’ lands and human rights has called on the central and state govts to abandon plans for big dam projects that will disrupt the lives of the local populations.

The consultation was organised by Manipur’s Centre for Research and Advocacy in collaboration with Tripura’s Borok Peoples Human Rights Organisation, Sikkim’s Affected Citizens of Teesta and Civil Society Women’s Organisation of Meghalaya. It was held in Imphal on Mar 4-5 2023.

The participants resolved to ask the central government to recognise the indigenous people’s self-determined rights over land and resources in the North East. They also called on the Centre to revoke the Teesta IV hydroelectric project in Sikkim, Diban and Etalin dams in Arunachal, Umngot dam in Meghalaya and Tipaimukh, Pabram and Irang dams in Manipur. They also demanded that the government first seek the people’s consent before permitting mining and oil exploration in the North East and compensate victims of the Baghjan oil spill. https://highlandpost.com/ne-consultation-calls-for-halting-dam-projects/ (6 Mar 2023)

6. MANIPUR People unanimously resolve to stop further extension of Loktak HEP Taking the extension of the much contentious Loktak Hydro Electric Project for another 25 years as serious concern, people in the surrounding areas of Loktak Lake today convened for a day long public meeting and resolved to oppose the move. The convention was held under the theme “Impact of Loktak Hydro Electric Project in Manipur” at Ikhai Wapokpi Public Ground under Bishnupur district.

It was organised by the People’s Committee on Restoration of Loktak and its Associated Wetlands Manipur. As a part of the program, the meeting unanimously resolved not to accept extension of the Loktak Hydro Electric Project in Manipur which is owned by NHPC Limited. The commitee said that project gives lots of detrimental loss to the environment of Loktak Lake and its ecosystem. They also decided to urge the state government to review the Loktak Protection Act 2006.  https://www.indiatodayne.in/amp/manipur/story/manipur-people-unanimously-resolve-to-stop-further-extension-of-loktak-hydro-electric-project-724132-2023-12-10  (10 Dec. 2023)

7. HIMACHAL PRADESH Resistance against hydro projects reaches Ropa Valley Govt’s plan to generate 722.4 MW by constructing 27 hydropower projects has triggered protests. The opposition, with the tagline ‘NO MEANS NO’, is a youth-led campaign strongly supported by villagers, especially in the Kinnaur district. The largest, 205 MW Ropa Khadd Hydroelectric Project, was supposed to be built on Satluj’s tributary Ropa. Despite two bidding rounds—May 2022 and April 18 this year—no bidder has come forward due to the increasing resistance from locals. According to campaign members, the recent landslides and climate change in the state have triggered resistance resulting in a series of discussions at the village level to educate the communities about the potential impacts of these hydroelectric projects.

Activist and educator Narendra Negi says that corporate entities and the government “can no longer manipulate locals as the youth have understood the devastation these projects cause”.Manshi Asher, a senior researcher affiliated with the environment and research collective Himdhara who co-authored the study, said that the upper areas of Kinnaur, where the Ropa Valley is located, is a “highly seismic zone and prone to landslides”.“Kinnaur witnessed a lot of landslides, flash floods and erosion in the last few years. Our research found that such climate hazards are being exacerbated due to land use change caused by hydroelectric projects.” https://www.newsclick.in/resistance-against-himachal-hydropower-projects-reaches-ropa-valley  (28 April 2023)

8. UTTARAKHAND Joshimath crisis: 100th day of protests The ongoing protests by residents of subsidence-hit Joshimath town in Chamoli entered its 100th day on Apr 13 even as hundreds of families were living in temporary shelter homes with their future hanging in balance.

The JoshimathBachaoSangharshSamiti (JBSS), a citizens’ collective that has been leading the movement to press for demands of scrapping NTPC’s hydel project and Helang bypass project along with permanent rehabilitation and compensation to affected families, said that “it is not easy to stand directly against state machinery.” Following the meeting with the CM, the samiti has put its plan to block the Badrinath highway on April 27, the day yatra to the Himalayan shrine is to begin, on hold. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/joshimath-crisis-100th-day-of-protests-by-locals/articleshow/99477290.cms  (14 April 2023)

‘NTPC go back’: Angry residents put up posters in town Amid the din of evacuations and demolitions in Joshimath, local residents have been pasting placards on their shops, houses and commercial establishments that says ‘NTPC go back’ to register their anger against the hydro power project which they blame for their town “sinking”. Residents of the town want NTPC to abandon its Tapovan-Vishnugad project completely and not just suspend its works.

Speaking about the anger among the 503 registered traders and shopkeepers of the town driven to near bankruptcy, chairperson of VyaparMandalSangh, Joshimath, Naini Singh Bhandari, said, “Traders are on the verge of killing themselves. The govt has announced relief for the residents, but there is nothing for the town’s traders.We want the NTPC project to be closed to prevent further sinking of our town.” He added, “Only when we save the town can we save our livelihood as well.” https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/ntpc-go-back-angry-joshimath-residents-put-up-posters-in-town/articleshow/96998635.cms  (16 Jan. 2023) Chorus of ‘NTPC go back’ grows louder https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/uttarakhand-joshimath-land-subsidence-cracks-sinking-news-live-updates-16-january-2023/liveblog/97016257.cms  (18 Jan. 2023)

Local people allege that the digging of a 12-km tunnel for the 520 MW Tapovan Vishnugad hydroelectric project exacerbated the subsidence in the area.

The JBSS on Jan 16 demanded that the 520 Mw Tapovan-Vishnugad project be scrapped. Activist Atul Sati believes that while there may be many reasons for making the region fragile, the current subsidence in Joshimath is to be blamed on the blasting caused for the project.”The main reason behind this situation where the existence of Joshimath is in question is the Tapovan Vishnugad project and the NTPC company behind this project,” Sati, president of the JBSS said.The L&T company was initially building the tunnel for NTPC but had to quit as it was not satisfied with the way the corporation worked. The central government should take the matter into its hands and declare Joshimath’s subsidence a national disaster,” he added. https://www.livemint.com/news/india/wrong-to-relate-situation-in-joshimath-with-ntpc-tunnel-head-of-tapovan-project-11674000011540.html  (18 Jan. 2023)

9. ANDHRA PRADESH HRF asks Govt. to shelve 4 HEPs The Human Rights Forum (HRF) has demanded that the State government drop the four Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Projects (PSPs) granted to various private entities in the Fifth Schedule region of Visakhapatnam and Parvathipuram-Manyam districts.

A team of HRF visited all the four project sites and interacted with local people, who are predominantly Adivasis. These projects have been granted permission in open contempt of the law and various Constitutional provisions of the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA) and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act (FRA) applicable in the 5th Schedule Region, said Y Rajesh, HRF AP State general secretary, and VS Krishna, HRF AP and TS Coordination Committee memberon Jan 17.

They said the proposed projects are Yerravaram PSP in Chintapalli and Koyyurumandals and Pedakota PSP in Ananthagiri, both in Alluri Sitarama Raju district, and Kurukutti in Salur and Karrivalasa in Pachipenta, both in Parvathipuram-Manyam.Any decision on a project in the Fifth Schedule areas without informed discussion and prior consent of the local grama sabhas amounts to an illegality. In fact, the PESA stipulates that no project in the Scheduled areas can even be conceived without the prior consent of local Adivasi Grama Sabhas. “In respect of these PSPs, no information has been conveyed, no discussion has taken place, there has been no transparency and Adivasis in these areas have been kept in the dark,” the HRF leaders alleged. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2023/jan/18/shelve-four-hydroelectric-projects-human-rights-forum-to-andhra-government-2538922.html (18 Jan 2023)

10. MADHYA PRADESH Protest against proposed Basania dam Locals in Mandla district are protesting against the proposed Basania dam which is being built at Mohgaon in Mandla, claiming it will affect more than 2700 families of 31 villages.

The local residents have also formed a group for the protests named Basania Bandh Virodh Sangharsh Samiti, on Jan 2 a team of private firm that has been given the work for dam had reached the villages for survey but locals did not let them conduct the survey work. Later administrative officials also reached the spot and assured people that work will not start till the demands of locals are not addressed. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/locals-protest-against-proposed-dam-in-mandla-fear-it-will-hit-31-villages/articleshow/96724776.cms   (04 Jan. 2023)

More Reports on People’s Resistance against Dam, Hydro Projects

Arunachal Pradesh Indigenous groups flag concerns over 2016Etalin project study Indigenous communities living downstream of the Dibang Multipurpose Project and proposed Etalin Hydropower Project in Arunachal Pradesh have raised concerns with a 2016 study of the Dibang sub basin in the Brahmaputra Valley, saying it has omitted assessment of impacts on areas immediately downstream of these projects. Communities living downstream of the Etalin project pointed out that the July 2016 study on Dibang Valley Cumulative Impact Assessment and Carrying Capacity study has not assessed the impacts on Lower Dibang Valley district. The study assessed impacts on downstream only from 45 km to 490 km, residents of Lower Dibang Valley district said in a letter to the environment ministry’s Forest Advisory Committee on Dec 9. The study “completely excludes the downstream-affected areas within Lower Dibang Valley itself… the modelling starts only at 45 km downstream of the project near the Assam-Arunachal border,” said the letter.

The study should have assessed impacts between the dam and the Assam border and it is not enough to look at peaking flows or environmental flows, said Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator, South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP). “Dams have huge impacts on people, biodiversity, siltation etc. This is clearly a major lacuna. Also, it is not enough to assess the impact of the Dibang Multipurpose project alone because there are several other hydro projects upstream and the study should capture cumulative impacts. Areas in the immediate downstream need to be assessed because the river meanders, the slope changes, the floodplain conditions also change which altogether impact the flow, biodiversity. Also, the assessment is a must for all seasons not only for monsoon,” Thakkar said. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/arunachal-pradesh-indigenous-groups-flag-concerns-over-hydropower-project-study-101672597876750-amp.html  (2 Jan. 2023)

Reject move for Dibang hydro project: tribal rights group A New Delhi-based tribal rights group has asked the state govt to reject a move by the MoEFCC that paved the way for the 2,880 MW Dibang hydropower project. The project would not be in the interest of the indigenous communities of the State’s Lower Dibang Valley district, the Indigenous Rights Advocacy Centre (IRAC) said in a letter to CM Pema Khandu and Chief Secretary Dharmendra on May 31 2023. The IRAC urged them to “outrightly reject” the recommendation of the MoEFCC’s Forest Advisory Committee for establishing a community reserve on the right bank of the project’s proposed reservoir. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/reject-move-for-2880-mw-hydro-project-tribal-rights-group-tells-arunachal-government/article66915801.ece (3 Jun 2023)

SIFF opposes proposed 10k Mw mega dam on Siang The Siang Indigenous Farmer’s Forum (SIFF) on Apr 27 2023 said that the Adi community of Siang district will never accept the proposal of a 10,000 MW dam over the Siang River. SIFF representative BhanuTatak said that the Adi community has been opposing the proposal of dam construction over the Siang River for over a decade, as it would submerge almost all areas and villages of the community. The Forum also condemned the signing of MoUs for 13 GW hydropower projects by Power Minister R K Singh and CM PemaKhandu, which are reportedly scheduled to take place during the last week of April. Tatak questioned why the state govt was pursuing non-renewable projects like mega hydropower projects when renewable projects like solar and wind energy need to be promoted.

Tatak further informed that the NHPC has been conducting survey activities forcefully, despite stiff opposition from the dam-affected farmers and SIFF. She also claimed that SIFF members were being harassed by the district administration and threatened with the use of Army and Paramilitary forces. https://arunachalobserver.org/2023/04/28/siff-opposes-proposed-10k-mw-mega-dam-over-siang/ ; https://www.eastmojo.com/arunachal-pradesh/2023/04/27/arunachal-siff-rejects-proposal-of-10000-mw-dam-over-siang-river  (27/28 April 2023) SIFF said that it submitted representations to the governor, the chief secretary and the power ministry in this regard on 26 April. “Construction of such huge dams on the Siang river will lead to submergence of all the developmental activities undertaken till date in the Siang valley,” the forum said, and added that the affected villagers were neither informed, and nor were their consent sought prior to the proposed signing of the MoA. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/04/29/farmers-oppose-moa-for-power-project/  (29 April 2023)

Locals protest against mega dam on Siang river A peaceful rally was taken out at Dite-Dime in Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh on Thursday by the All Adi Welfare Society (AAWS) Youth Wing (Apex), AAWS Youth Wing Upper Siang District Unit, AAWS YW Siang District Unit, in collaboration with other organizations, against the proposed mega dam on the Ane (Mother) Siang river in Siang and Upper Siang districts.

Protesters shouted slogans against the construction of mega dams, stating that it would have a devastating impact on the ecology of the Siang river system and the state. They also passed resolutions demanding that the dam be scrapped. “No dam in Siang. No dam means no dam. We do not need temporary solutions in the name of permanent displacement. We do not need dams in the name of development,” said a leader. https://nenow.in/north-east-news/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-groups-protest-against-mega-dam-on-siang-river.html  (14 Sept. 2023)

PRI leaders demand cancellation of tender for Keyi HEP The panchayat leaders of Shally, Pistana and Ambampanchayats in Lower Subansiri district have demanded cancellation of the tender for civil and HM works for the 2×11.5 MW Keyi HEP floated by M/s DD Hydro Power Project Pvt Ltd. In a representation to the hydropower development chief engineer (monitoring) on Apr 26, 2023, the panchayat leaders said, “instead of fulfilling the basic public demand of the three panchayats, the authority of M/s DD Hydro Power Project has invited tender for Keyi HEP without completion of basic formalities for the project.”

The representation further stated that, despite a series of representations and complaints submitted by the people of the three panchayats since 2015 to the authority concerned against the proposed HEP on Keyi river, “the grievances of the land-affected people have not been redressed yet… Till date there are no proper formalities, and no land acquisition was made by the authorities of M/s DD Hydro Power Project,” the representation stated. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/04/29/pri-leaders-demand-cancellation-of-tender-for-keyi-hep/  (29 April 2023)

AJYCP stages protest over sudden drying of river The Asom Jatiyatabadi Yuva Chatra Parichad (AJYCP) protested on Oct. 27 at the entrance of the Subansiri Lower HEP plant’s dam site at Gerukamukh for the lack of response by the state govt and other stakeholders following the sudden drying of the water in the Subansiri river since Oct. 27) morning. The effigy of the NHPC was also burned. The protesters demanded the scrapping of the SLHEP dam for the safety and security of lives and ecosystems in the downstream areas of the hydroelectric plant.

Speaking to the media, the AJYCP’s President Borgohain said that the NHPC was going to complete the hydroelectric project by repeatedly disregarding all the required assessments of downstream impact and the height of the dam with the protection of the government. He referred to the postponement of the commissioning of the SLHEP dam by the NHPC several times in the past for the repeated landslides. Furthermore, he appealed to all the public and organisations to come forward in protest of what had been going on in the river since Oct 27 morning. https://assamtribune.com/assam/ajycp-stages-protest-at-entrance-of-slhep-over-sudden-drying-of-subansiri-1501752  (28 Oct. 2023)

Bhanu Tatak, Dibang Resistance receive BPS award “Mega hydropower dams are the biggest threat to the rivers and peoples of the Northeast. For decades, Dibang Resistance and other groups have been steadfastly opposing dams proposed on the Dibang river, a major tributary of Brahmaputra. By raising awareness, bringing people together in nonviolent protest, and using the law, Dibang Resistance has shown an exemplary dedication to democratic decision-making on an issue that is vital not only to the local communities in the Northeast, but to the ecological security of the entire eastern Himalaya. In this struggle, Bhanu Tatak has emerged as the voice of Dibang” the citation read. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/11/26/bhanu-tatak-dibang-resistance-receive-bhagirath-prayas-samman-award-in-field-of-river-conservation/   (26 Nov. 2023)

Anti-Dam Activist Ebo Mili Detained An anti-dam activist and advocate EboMili, was detained by the state police on August 12, along with a colleague, for staging a peaceful protest outside a banquet hall in Itanagar, where the BJP govt was engaged in signing MoAs with public sector undertakings to unroll 12 stalled hydro projects. https://thewire.in/rights/arunachali-anti-dam-activist-ebo-mili-detained-for-protesting-against-signing-of-hydropower-projects (13 Aug 2023)

W Bengal Locals resisting SHPs in Darjeeling The govt has proposed two hydro-electric projects–a 12 Mw project on ChhotaRangit and a 6 MW one on Balawas. Locals in Bijanbari and Pullbazar fear the projects will endanger their way of life. To collectively resist the project, residents of Bijanbari, Pullbazar, and other towns and villages that would likely be affected, have formed the ‘Save ChhotaRangit Campaigning Committee’ which has 350 active members. Subba, a Sahitya Akademi Award winner Nepali language poet, is the president.

Residents of Bijanbari and Pullbazar said they had first heard about the projects in 2015. They had protested back then, and stopped the state govt from going ahead with the powerhouse for the project in ChhotaRangit river. “Even then, a committee was formed to protect the river. All of us collectively resisted the project which led to the govt suspending it. For years there was no word about it,” said Darnal.

WBSEDCL attempted to do some work on the ground, twice in Jan 2023 and once in Febr2023, said Darnal. These attempts were thwarted by members of the Save ChhotaRangit Campaigning Committee. https://www.indiaspend.com/earthcheckindia/why-locals-are-resisting-small-hydro-projects-in-darjeeling-876156  (14 Sept. 2023)

Cancel Turga & Bandu Pump Storage Projects Demand for Cancellation of Turga-Bandu Pump Storage Project and Condemning the Undemocratic-Dictatorial Behaviour of the District Administration.

– On 13.6.2017 the then Purulia District Magistrate released a letter stating that the inhabitants to be affected by the Turga Pump Storage Project had no opposition to land being acquired for the same. He referred to written resolutions of Bagmundy and Ajodhaya Gram Panchayat and Bagmundi Block Development Officer’s in this regard. The referred resolutions presented dated to 20.3.2017 and 23.3.2017 where 10 and 24 individuals were signatories in each. Among these 34 individuals, many were not the inhabitants of the panchayat, but based on their signatures the government had planned to acquire agricultural land of 9 villages, their traditional sites of worship (jaher than) including the revered Marang Buru (hill God) and their sources of livelihood. In 2018 after getting to know about this, the people of Ajodhaya hills came together and started to resist.

– It is not just about Turga, but even on Bandu river, the government is trying to carry out a futile project without taking the Gram Sabha’s consent, and by destroying 400 Ha forests and uprooting 10 villages. https://countercurrents.org/2023/08/cancel-turga-and-bandu-pump-storage-projects/  (10 August 2023)

Joshimath shadow on hydel plans This is the first time that local people are coming out in large numbers to protest against the hydel projects in Darjeeling…. The protests can be linked to what we have seen in Joshimath,” said a source in the district administration.

People in Bijanbari have stopped the construction of notches and installation of gauge for recording the discharge of water at rivers Chotta Ranjit and Balawas on two occasions this month.“The construction of the hydel project will dry up the rivers which would severely affect agriculture, tourismand environment, hurt our religious beliefs. We want the government to stop these projects,” said P. Darnal, the secretary of the ChottaRangit Abhiyan Samiti, spearheading the campaign. https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/joshimath-shadow-on-hydel-projects-backed-by-bengal-government/cid/1911380  (22 Jan. 2023)

Himachal Pradesh ‘HEPs causing disasters in Sutlej basin’ In a memorandum to the chairperson of expert appraisal committee, river valley projects, MoEF&CC, activists of over 10 NGOs of Kinnaur district have alleged that hydropower dam projects are triggering landslides and land subsidence in already hazard-prone upper Satluj basin. Kinnaur is already bearing the brunt of 22 hydel projects of almost 4000 MW capacity (commissioned and under construction), which is far more than what can be harnessed from a geologically and ecologically sensitive area, they added.

“We have expressed our objections and resultant opposition to further construction of hydropower projects in the upper Satluj river basin. If projects like the 804 MW Jangi-Thopan, YangthangKhab, Tidong II and Kashang II, III and IV are allowed to come up, we will see a situation worse than in Joshimath currently,” they said in the representation.

The written representation, which has been mailed to the committee chairperson, added that the process of cumulative impact assessment for the cascade of 153 hydropower projects in the Satluj river basin began over a decade ago.“As the expert committee is well aware, the north western Himalayan region, in which this river valley falls, has witnessed a spate of climate disasters in the past decade, causing loss of lives and property in the region. Unprecedented flash floods, cloudbursts and landslides in Himachal took more than 1,500 lives in the last five monsoons, according to an Aug 2022 report of the state’s disaster management authority,” it added. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/we-will-see-a-situation-worse-than-in-joshimath/articleshow/97934320.cms  (15 Feb. 2023)

Lahaul & Spiti residents oppose power projects Sonam Targe, a resident of the Spiti valley, says, “We will continue to raise our voice against blatant commodification and destruction of the Himalayan rivers. This district lies in the lap of the Himalayas. In the age of profit-making, it is alarming to see the rate at which rivers have been caged and tunnelled by large hydropower dams, mined for sand and dumped with chemicals and garbage.”

“Today,there is hardly any river left in the Himalayas on which a hydropower project has not been built. The Sutlej now flows in tunnels and has been locked up into reservoirs. We, the residents of Lahaul and Spiti, are against the setting up of hydropower projects in this eco-fragile district, which falls under seismic zone-IV,” says Vikram Katoch. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/lahaul-spiti-residents-oppose-power-projects-490523  (23 March 2023)

Kinnaur panchayat members urge govt to ban more hydel projects In the wake of the Joshimath land subsidence allegedly triggered by an under-construction power project, panchayat representatives in Kinnaur have urged the government to learn a lesson and ban the construction of more power projects in the district, which has a fragile ecology.The village representatives raised the matter in a four-point demand letter handed over to Jagat Singh Negi, the revenue, horticulture and tribal development minister during his visit to the constituency on Jan 22.More than 50 panchayat representatives endorsed the letter.Through the demand charter, the panchayat representatives also raised the issue of laxity in the implementation of the Panchayat (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act in Kinnaur.

Dinesh Negi, a block development council (BDC) member, says Kinnaur is the largest district in the state in terms of hydel generation. Due to indiscriminate construction of these projects, it has become vulnerable to disaster. “Landslides and flash-flood incidents have become frequent over the past decade. Hydel projects are threatening the existence of Kinnaur. Our government should learn from Joshimath,” Negi said.He said the people of Kinnaur want local MLA Jagat Singh Negi to take up the matter at the state and central levels for stopping all proposed hydel projects and respect local sentiment. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/after-joshimath-kinnaur-panchayat-members-urge-govt-to-ban-more-hydel-projects-101674465497164.html  (23 Jan. 2023)

Tandisangharsh samiti opposes power projects in Lahaul-Spiti Concerned over their impact on environment in eco-fragile Lahaul valley, the Tandi Bandh Sangharsh Samiti has opposed the decision of the state government to bring ‘Open Hydel policy’ in Himachal to set up power projects in Lahaul-Spiti. Samiti members have submitted a memorandum in this regard to CM Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu through Lahaul and Spiti MLA Ravi Thakur.

“This decision of the state govt has worried the residents of the tribal district of Lahaul and Spiti, where around 15 mega and 40 micro hydel power projects are proposed by the state govt on the Chenab (Chandrabhaga) river basin in Lahaul and Spiti. Five mega projects (Tandi 104 MW, Rashel 102 MW, Bardang 126 MW, Miyad 90 MW and Jispa 300 MW) were allotted recently. Other projects that were awaiting allotment are at Chhatru (108 MW), Shelly (400MW) and at a few other places,” Mohan Lal Relingpa, member of the samiti said, “Lahaul and Spiti district is an eco-fragile area, where power projects will bring disasters.” https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/tandi-sangharsh-samiti-opposes-power-projects-in-lahaul-spiti-514885  (07 June 2023)

How people of Burry in Kinnaur are fighting against the injustices due to the 5 MW under construction Hydro project and how the administration & the project developers are not listening to the people’s grievances. https://fb.watch/mMwKC20wYp/?mibextid=2Rb1fB (31 Aug 2023)

HIMDHARA Emerging youth resistance: ‘No Means No’. https://reframe2022.mhi.org.in/engage/from-collective-trauma-to-collective-action-2/

Uttarakhand Locals protest Bokong Baling HEP in Pithoragarh The Darma Sangharsh Samiti on Feb 20 held demonstrations at Dharchula town against the proposed Bokong Baling Hydroelectric Project in the Darma valley, and demanded the project be dropped in wake of Joshimath crisis. The villagers gathered at Gandhi chowk and reached the SDM’s office to hand over a memorandum to cancel the project. The construction of a 165-MW dam was proposed on the Dhauliganga River by the Tehri Hydro Development Corp.

Puran Singh Gwal, the president of Darma Sangharsh Samiti said that Darma valley is a fragile place that has faced several disasters in the past. “The construction of a dam will increase the risk of landslides and avalanches. The villagers will stop the survey work and block the construction of the dam here,” he said while addressing a gathering. RoopsingTitiyal, a local resident, said, “If the dam is constructed, several areas here will be at the risk of submergence and hundreds of villagers will be displaced. In wake of the Joshimath crisis, the govt should reconsider it.” https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/locals-protest-bokong-baling-hydroelectric-project-in-uttarakhands-pithoragarh/articleshow/98103368.cms (20 Feb 2023)

Villagers protest against proposed hydropower project The villagers of Darma valley, under the banner of Darma Sangharsh Samiti, staged a dharna and demonstration at Dharkar on June 2, 2023 against the proposed 165 MW Bokang Boling hydropower project on the Dhauliganga river in Darma valley of Dharchula, Pithoragarh. THDC, which is undertaking the project, is currently conducting a survey at Dharkar, the construction site.

On Jun 2, the villagers gathered at Dharkar, where the THDC is surveying the land, shouting slogans — ‘Go back THDC’. They asked the THDC staff to remove their tents and stopped the survey work. They also said if the administration did not stop the work, they will start agitation at both places, Dharchula and Dharkar. The project is situated at 10,662 ft height. People have asked THDC to vacate the area in 15 days. The people have said that the landslide in the village is due to the THDC work. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/villagers-protest-against-proposed-hydropower-project-in-pithoragarh/articleshow/100715798.cms (3 Jun 2023)

Bisan Singh Bonal Former ADG and Member Secretary, National Tiger Conservation Authority explaining possible impact and practical problems with proposed Baling HEP on Dhauliganga river in Pithoragarh. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEbGfp93xhM  (25 June 2023)

Jammu & Kashmir Work on Ratle power project halted Megha Engineering, the contractor working on the 850 Ratel Hydropower project in Kistwardist, on Chenab river, has stopped work indefinitely due to frequent stops to the work by the affected people. The project had two inaugurations, one in 2013 and again last year by PM Modi. Earlier contractor had quit the work in 2016. Megha Engineering came into picture in 2022 with agreement with the Ratle Hydropower Corp Ltd. In Oct 2022 a landslide at the project site led to death of four persons. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/j-k/facing-frequent-protests-contractor-halts-work-on-ratle-power-project-560445 (8 Nov 2023)

Andhra Pradesh Tribals protest against Yerravaram HEP Tribal communities staged a dharna in Alluri Sitharama Raju district on Dec 17, protesting against the approval given by the State govt to the Yerravaram hydro power project. The protest was conducted in response to a bandh call by the GirijanaSangham and all party Joint Action Committee (JAC). Tribals gathered at Lambasingi, popularly known as the Kashmir of Andhra Pradesh, early in the morning and staged a raastaroko. They continued the stir for at least four hours. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2022/dec/18/tribal-communities-stage-protest-against-yerravaramhydro-power-project-2529315.html (18 Dec 2022)

Madhya Pradesh Tribal people of Bothi village in Harda district, to face submergence due to the proposed MorandGanjal dam, have declared that they will submerge, but not leave the village. https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pradesh/harda-tribals-protest-against-dam-construction-on-ganjal-river-irrigation-project-as-it-will-submerge-village-bothi-cited-pesa-act-5641963.html   (24 March 2023)

Demanding cancelation of Raghopur Marwari Dam, affected villagers blocked Dindori Jabalpur NH.This dam is proposed on Narmada river. https://bharatbhoomikabol.in/archives/12297 (1 Sep 2023)

The protest by the villagers continued for the second day at Ghurpur Dharamshala against the officials of Rani Avanti Bai Sagar Project (Chinki Barrage) for not providing correct information to the affected people. The villagers have demanded equal land and houses which are being impacted by the project. https://www.deshgaon.com/voices/chinki-barrage-villagers-protest-second-day-of-strike/  (20 May 2023)Farmers said they do not know how much of their land is being lost and what compensation they are to be given even though the dam construction has started and markings have already been placed on the lands and houses of the villages on both banks. https://www.deshgaon.com/voices/narsinghpur-the-affected-people-of-chinki-barrage-started-an-indefinite-strike-said-that-the-administration-hid-the-information-from-the-news-of-deshgaon/  (20 May 2023)

Maharashtra Protest against proposed dam on Painganga river Protests were staged against a proposed dam on the Painganga river in Yavatmal and other districts of Vidarbha region on Dec 4. People from 24 villages in Vidarbha and 26 villages in Marathwada took part in the agitation including `jal-samadhi’ (protest in the water) at five places along the banks of the river, said Mubarak Tanvar, secretary of the Painganga Virodhi Sangharsh Samiti. Their demand is that the lower Painganga dam project be scrapped. https://theprint.in/india/protest-staged-against-proposed-dam-on-painganga-river/1873421/ (5 Dec 2023)

Some Relevant Judicial Decisions

Himachal Pradesh HC impleads govt over un-controlled, unscientific blasting during Luhri HEP In a matter pertaining to the damage caused by uncontrolled and unscientific blasting while executing the work of Luhri Hydroelectric Project, Phase-1, Rampur in Shimla district, the High Court of Himachal has suo moto impleaded the state govt through its Chief Secretary, as party respondent. Further, the Court has directed the Secretary, District Legal Services Authority Kinnaur at Rampur Bushahar, to submit a report on the dumping of muck, as also the damage caused to the rock which is said to be above Narola village under Neeerathpanchyat of Rampur Bushahr tehsil of Shimla district, which might cause threat to the life and property of the people. A Division Bench of the Chief Justice M S Ramachandra Rao and Justice Ajay Mohan Goel, passed this order on a petition taken up suo moto as Public Interest Litigation by the High Court. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/hc-impleads-hp-govt-over-un-controlled-and-unscientific-blasting-during-execution-of-luhri-hydroelectric-project-work/articleshow/101222738.cms  (23 June 2023)

Uttarakhand HC impose stay on hydro project construction, blasting in Joshimath The honourable High Court of Uttarakhand on Jan 12, 2023 heard the interim relief application in an ongoing PIL filed after the incidents of 7^thFeb, 2021 Glacial Lake outburst which turned into a flash flood and struck down two HEP namely Rishiganga Hydro Electric Power Project and NTPC’s VishnugadTapovan Hydropower Project which claimed life of 204 people. The petitioner who is the social, political and Chipko Movement Activist, P C Tewari, President of Uttarakhand Parivartan Party, had filed this petition seeking formation of an independent committee to analyse the impact or HEPs in upper reaches of the rivers as well as for the stay in construction of all under construction hydro power projects, till early warning systems are put in place with many other prayers. The Hon’ble High Court has issued very important directions with regards to land subsidence in Joshimath. https://english.junputh.com/voices/hc-stays-construction-and-blasting-in-joshimath-area-in-all-ongoing-hydropower-projects/ (12 Jan 2023)

Joshimath sinking: ‘No reason to keep reports by experts secret’ : HC The high court has raised questions over the state govt’s decision not to make reports prepared by eight central scientific and technical institutions on the Joshimath subsidence, public.Commenting on the matter, a division bench of Chief Justice Vipin Sanghi and Justice Alok Kumar Verma said in a court order, which was issued on Sep 20, and made available on Sep 21, “We see no reason that the state should keep the reports prepared by the experts secret and not disclose the same to the public”. The court went on to add, “In fact, circulation of the said reports would provide vital information to the public, and the public would have confidence in them that the state is serious about dealing with the situation. “https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/joshimath-sinking-no-reason-to-keep-reports-by-experts-secret-says-hc/articleshow/103851241.cms  (22 Sept. 2023) After High Court intervention, Uttarakhand govt has uploaded 8 reports by experts on Joshimath disaster .https://usdma.uk.gov.in/IEC/josimath-reports-1395.aspx

Some Important Govt. Decisions

Arunachal Pradesh Govt scraps 44 hydro deals with private power players The withdrawn projects, with a total installed capacity of 32,415 MW, would be handed over to the Central PSUs through fresh agreements, the State’s Deputy CM, Chowna Mein said on Jun 4. The govt had signed 153 deals with various CPSUs and independent power producers for hydropower projects, with a combined capacity of 46,943 MW.

“Many projects did not proceed beyond the allotment due to various reasons. We terminated the agreements for 44 such projects as the private developers did not show any interest to execute despite several notices served,” Mr. Mein said. The terminated projects were offered to the CPSUs in view of their performance and reliability, he said. Fresh agreements for nine of the 44 projects, with an installed capacity of 1,300 MW, have already been signed. Mr. Mein said the Centre had prepared an indicative list of 29 projects that were analysed and evaluated by CPSUs such as the NHPC and THDC Ltd. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/arunachal-pradesh-terminates-44-moas-with-private-power-developers-deputy-cm/article66930291.ece  (04 June 2023)

Himachal Pradesh Jangi Thopan HEP cancelled The State Cabinet in its meeting on Nov 18 2023 has decided to cancel the allotment of JangiThopanHydro Power Project (780 Mw) made in favour of SJVNL, as the company has failed to achieve progress in the project within the stipulated time period. http://himachalpr.gov.in/OneNews.aspx?Language=1&ID=32087 (18 Nov 2023) The project was allotted to SJVNL on Nov 24, 2018, MoU for this was signed on Sep 25, 2019. Investment approval for pre-construction activities for to Rs 93.24 crore was accorded by Govt of India on May 20, 2021. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/shimla/himachal-pradesh-govt-cancels-allotment-of-780mw-jangi-thopan-powari-hydro-electric-project-to-sjvnl/articleshow/105316614.cms (18 Nov 2023)

Cancel allotment where construction work yet to begin: CM Allotments of hydropower projects that have not started construction work despite taking one-time amnesty should be cancelled immediately and a fresh advertisement should be published, said CMSukhvinder Singh Sukhu on May 16, 2023. Taking a serious note of central Public Sector undertakings (PSUs) for not signing pre-implementation and implementation agreements to set up hydropower projects, the energy department to issue notices to them, an official said. CM Sukhu said that 172 hydropower projects of 11,149.50 MW capacity have been commissioned in the state, while 58 projects of 2454 MW capacity were under construction.

The govt is contemplating framing a new Energy Policy, Sukhu said. Under the new policy, the provision of deferment of free power royalty will be completely abolished. There would be a provision to give 15 % share to the state govt for the first 12 years, 20 % for the next 18 years and 30 % for the next 10 years. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/shimla/hydropower-projects-shimla-sukhvinder-singh-sukhu-8613539/  (17 May 2023)

Sikkim Minister opposes dam in Chungthang Forest and Environment Minister, Karma Loday Bhutia, has taken a stand against the construction of a dam in Chungthang, aligning with the sentiments of most of the town’s citizens who oppose any further dam projects following the catastrophic destruction of the Teesta Urja Stage 3 dam triggered by the Oct 3 GLOF from South Lhonak Lake. https://www.indiatodayne.in/amp/sikkim/story/sikkim-flash-floods-forest-and-environment-minister-opposes-dam-in-chungthang-following-teesta-disaster-691193-2023-10-08 (8 Oct 2023) 

Meghalaya Cabinet scraps 2 hydropower projects CM Conrad K Sangma said his cabinet has scrapped two power projects as those were found to be financially unviable. Sangma said the two hydropower projects are Kynshi I & Upper Khri I & II. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/meghalaya/meghalaya-cabinet-scraps-2-hydropower-projects-2684085  (13 Sept. 2023)

Jharkhand Hydel project at Lugu Buru Pahad won’t be allowed: CM amid protests CM has announced that no hydel power project proposed by DVC will be built in Lugu Hills near Bokaro as this place is a cultural heritage for the tribals. https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/dvc-hydel-project-at-lugu-buru-pahad-won-t-be-allowed-soren-amid-protests-123112700799_1.html  (27 Nov. 2023)

Declining Power Generation

Bleak future of Large Hydro Large Hydropower projects have bleak future as number of reports this week suggest, including the following Video. The large is not renewable, sustainable or green or people friendly. In fact, it is increasingly seen as invitation to disasters. Much better options exist. In the changing climate situation, the destruction that hydropower projects bring about becomes even more relevant when we need the Rivers, Forests, the biodiversity and less disaster prone options. Earlier our governments see this writing on the dam walls from across the world, better it will be for all concerned. https://sandrp.in/2023/03/27/drp-nb-270323-bleak-future-of-large-hydro/  (27 March 2023)

IRENA confirms bleak future of Large Hydro globally The annual Renewable Statistics 2023 report from IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) says that globally, only 1.6% was added to the hydropower capacity in 2022, that too two thirds in non-democratic China. The capacity added in rest of the world outside China in 2022 was 7.3 GW, lowest figure in last 15 years. Similarly 99% of additional capacity added in pump storage projects in 2022 was in China. The report from IRENA also says that 97% of hydropower finance comes from public or govt sources and private sector seems to have little enthusiasm for this sector. The projection for future painted in the report is no better. https://sandrp.in/2023/04/03/drp-nb-030423-irena-confirms-bleak-future-of-large-hydro-globally/  (03 April 2023)

Electricity generation from hydro power sources has fallen in Asia, Europe and N America over the opening months of 2023 from the same period in 2022, crimping a key source of clean power generation for electricity providers. In the opening quarter of 2023, global hydro-powered electricity generation dropped by close to 4% from the same period in 2022. https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/column-hydro-power-hotspots-hit-by-hot-and-dry-weather (9 Jun 2023)

Hydro electricity generation down to 9% Even according to this Pro Hydro report, the contribution of hydro in electricity generation is down to 9% and likely to decline. It also admits that developing new hydro is beset with challenges including geological issues, India’s NE being one of the six top seismic active spots in the world. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/why-india-must-ramp-up-focus-on-hydro-power-a-perspective/105420136  (22 Nov. 2023)

According to the International Energy Agency, the jobs in the hydropower sector are likely to remain flat till 2030. The report emphasizes that environmental concerns, public opinion, and lengthy construction schedules are likely impediments in the sector’s growth. There is some scope in small run of river projects and in Pump Storage projects. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/hydropower-jobs-surge-in-asia-india-emerges-as-key-player-report/105247559  (16 Nov. 2023)

India Hydro generation falls India’s hydropower generation dropped 30% in Oct 2023 compared to that in Oct 2022, by 5 BU due to lower rainfall. Solar power generation went up by 1.3 BU and wind power by 0.3 BU. Total power generation went up by 24 BU. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/opinion-india-turns-to-coal-as-hydro-generation-falls/105641336  (01 Dec. 2023)

NHPC hydropower generation down by 8% in H1FY24 “This is mainly due to lower water availability and then intense rain and flood in some parts of Himachal Pradesh in Aug 2023, which has impacted the generation, especially the outage of all units of Parbati III, which is now fully operational,” said an official from NHPC.In a recent analyst call held after the company declared its Q2 results, RP Goyal, director (finance), NHPC, gave an update on the hydel projects affected by the flash floods which occurred in N Sikkim on Oct3-4.

“Our power stations in the Teesta basin were unfortunately hit by unprecedented flash floods in north Sikkim. Our 510 MW Teesta V power station and 500 MW Teesta VI hydropower project, which is under construction, have suffered damages. Teesta Low Dam (TLDP) III and TLDP IV power stations have also been affected, leading to forced outages. TLDP IV has been made operational, and TLDP III is likely to be restored very shortly,” he said. However, restoration of the under-construction Teesta V power station is likely to take a year. https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/budget/moody-monsoons-erratic-rains-pulled-down-hydropower-generation-by-8-in-h1fy24-nhpc-11814781.html   (27 Nov. 2023)

Unviable, Stalled Hydro, Dam Projects

Arunachal Pradesh Divestment of HEO & TATO-1 Hydro power projects VELCAN HOLDINGS Group announces it has fully divested its Heo – Tato-1 tandem of hydropower projects (2 hydropower totaling 426 MW located in Arunachal Pradesh, hereafter the “Projects”), taken over by a major utility owned by the Govt of India. The Projects were the 2 largest projects of the Group’s cascade of 3 hydropower projects. Following this sale, the Group is left with the third project of the said cascade, the Pauk HEP (145 MW), its last hydropower project.

The entire cascade development was suspended in September 2021, since the Government of Arunachal Pradesh (GoAP) had refused to consider vital amendments to the corresponding concession agreements. This came on top of the numerous deadlocks encountered by the projects during the past years regarding essential development activities which mostly depended on the Governments (central and local), such as the delays in the road infrastructure, the inability of the GoAP to make significant progress in the land acquisition and the inability of electricity distribution companies to sign long term bankable power purchase agreements… the sector environment proved to be extremely unfavourable to private developers. https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/08/09/2721939/0/en/VELCAN-HOLDINGS-DIVESTMENT-OF-THE-HEO-AND-TATO-1-HYDROPOWER-TANDEM.html  (10 August 2023)

Meghalaya Govt to overhaul hydel projects The state government would be overhauling the hydropower projects in the state to ensure that these projects function according to their capacities and help in augmenting the state’s power generation capacity. The statement came from Power Minister Abu Taher Mondal at a time when there is no respite from load-shedding in the state for two months now.

“During this lean season, many hydropower projects in the state have failed to generate much power due to scanty rainfall,” Mondal said, insisting that the government does not want to extend the load-shedding. “The demand for power is increasing at a higher rate than the generation. The state needs 677 million units of power on an average day but is able to produce 1-1.5 million units from its own generating units and the remaining amount of power is coming from power purchase and banking,” he said. https://theshillongtimes.com/2023/06/03/govt-to-overhaul-hydel-projects/  (03 June 2023)

Jammu & Kashmir Work remains stalled on New Ganderbal HEP for several years The 93 Mw (31X3) RoRNew Ganderbal Hydropower project on Sindh river costing over 800 crore was announced in 1996. Official sources said that in 2014 a two-stage bidding process was adopted for the selection of the EPC contractor for the construction of the project in which HCC emerged as the successful bidder with a negotiated cost of Rs. 819.18 Crore. However, for a variety of reasons M/S HCC failed to implement the project till 2017, and subsequently the contract was canceled. https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/kashmir-todays-paper/work-remains-stalled-on-93-mw-new-ganderbal-power-project-for-several-years  (24 March 2023)

Himachal Pradesh Work on Shong Tong HEP delayed The completion of the 450 MW Shong Tong Hydroelectric Project located on the right bank of the Sutlej has been delayed due to the stalemate over the issue of the relocation of an ammunition depot at Powari in Kinnaur district, close to the China border.Successive state governments had taken up the ammo depot issue with the Union Defence Ministry as it hampered excavation work on a silt flushing tunnel. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/ammo-depot-not-shifted-work-on-power-project-in-kinnaur-delayed-567636  (01 Dec. 2023)

Report Expensive Himalayan hydropower projects Most of the finance for new hydropower projects in the Himalayas is coming from state coffers, through public sector banks, state governments or other public sector units. In the event of a disaster caused or exacerbated by these projects, the cost for rehabilitation and compensation will also come from public money.

India can ill afford such a waste of public funds, which in effect are being transferred to a small dam-building lobby, with little discernible benefit to the country. Given the success and scalability of solar and wind projects, planned investment in energy storage technologies and the decline in power storage costs, new investment in hydropower in the Himalayas are a high-risk low-return bet. https://scroll.in/article/1045251/crores-for-construction-crores-for-disaster-relief-indias-expensive-himalayan-hydropower-projects (6 Apr 2023)

Delayed 7 HEP projects push up costs by over Rs 31,844 cr Seven projects faced a cumulative cost overrun of Rs 31,884 crore as of March 2023, according to a Business Standard analysis of data from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation monthly reports. This includes the Subansiri Lower project in Arunachal Pradesh (Rs 14,962.2 crore cost overrun), Himachal Pradesh’s Parbati project (Rs 7,215 crore) and Tapovan-Vishnugad (Rs 4,124.5 crore) in Uttarakhand. The data covered projects of over Rs 150 crore.

The Parbati project in Himachal has faced a 174-month delay. Others facing a delay include Subansiri Lower (165 months), VishnugadPipalkoti (144 months) and Tapovan-Vishnugad (141 months). The average for the dozen projects identified in the analysis is 79 months or 6.5 years. A few reasons for time overruns were attributed to disputes with local villagers and delay in finalising agreements. While the analysis looked at hydropower projects, data also showed that as of March 2023, 54 out of 78 power projects overall are delayed. https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/delayed-hydropower-projects-push-up-costs-by-over-rs-30-000-crore-123052800158_1.html  (28 May 2023)

Expert committee to look into time & cost overruns in hydro projects Ministry of Power has announced a standing technical body to look into the time and cost over runs of hydropower projects. It will mainly look into the issues related to geological surprises and submit bi annual reports. The committee headed by Member (Hydro) of CEA will include Chief Engr HPA and HPM, GSI, CWC and concerned state govt. Director (HPM) of CEA will be member secretary. https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/govt-sets-up-expert-committee-to-look-into-time-and-cost-overruns-in-hydro-power-projects/103941009  (26 Sept. 2023)

Corruption in Dams, Hydro Projects

Ex-CMD of WAPCOS arrested in corruption case CBI has arrested Rajindra Kumar Gupta, former CMD of WAPCOS (Apr 2011 to March 2019) and his son for possessing wealth disproportionate to their known sources of income. During raids cash of approx Rs 38.38cr, FDs and other valuables were recovered. WAPCOS is a PSU under Union Jal Shakti Ministry. An FIR has been registered. He has started a consultancy firm after retirement.

– The FIR was registered on the basis of a complaint filed by a CBI Superintendent of Police, Suman Kumar. “A reliable information has been received to the effect that Gupta, while posted [at WAPCOS]…committed criminal misconduct and enriched himself illicitly in active connivance with his family members and accumulated assets, which are disproportionate to all his legal known sources of Income by Rs 7.8 crore during his tenure,” Kumar said in the FIR.

After graduating in B.Tech (Civil) from REC, Kurukshetra, Haryana, Gupta joined WAPCOS in 1989 and became CMD on Apr 27, 2010 for a period of five years, the FIR noted. “Subsequently, his tenure was extended up to the date of his superannuation on Sep 30, 2018 and he was given a further extension of two years up to Sep 30, 2020,” it stated. “The source information discloses a steady accumulation of assets by Gupta in his name and his family members during this period”.

– “[The] source has revealed that Gupta and his family members were in possession of assets worth Rs 95,02,000 at the beginning of this period (as on April 1, 2011) and held assets worth Rs 13,74,98,219 at the end of the period (as on March 31),” Kumar alleged. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cbi-wapcos-rajinder-kumar-gupta-cash-seizure-8589255/  (4 May 2023) According to the official, the former bureaucrat and his family were also alleged to have set up a private consultancy business in Delhi after his retirement from service.The alleged immovable properties of the accused consist of flats, commercial properties, a farmhouses spread across Delhi, Gurugram, Panchkula, Sonipat, and Chandigarh, he said. https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2023/05/03/del25-cbi-wapcos-cash.html (3 May 2023)

Jammu & Kashmir CBI raids in graft case related to Kiru HEP The Central Bureau of Investigation on May 17 2023 searched 12 locations in Delhi and Rajasthan in connection with a case alleging corruption in the award of ₹2,200 crore civil works related to the Kiru hydro-electric power project.

– The investigation has been launched on a reference from the J&K government with respect to the charge that e-tendering guidelines were not followed despite the CVPPPL Board’s decision, and the contract was awarded to Patel Engineering in 2019. In the First Information Report registered on April 20 2022, among those named as accused are Navin Kumar Choudhary, an Indian Administrative Service official, as the then chairman of Chenab Valley Power Projects (P) Ltd (CVPPPL); its then managing director M.S. Babu, directors M.K. Mittal and Arun Kumar Mishra and Patel Engineering.

– In July 2022, the agency had conducted searches in Delhi, Mumbai, Patna, Jammu and Srinagar, against the associates of the main accused persons, middlemen and others. The premises of one chartered accountant, Rakesh Gupta, Rupen Patel of Patel Engineering Ltd (Mumbai), and its three employees were also searched. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/insurance-scam-case-cbi-searches-at-nine-locations-in-jammu-and-kashmir-delhi/article66860030.ece  (17 May 2023)

CBI conducting searches over ‘graft’ in Kiru HEP contract The searches are spread across three locations, including the premises of Kanwaljeet Singh Duggal of Mainstream IT Solutions Private Limited and D P Singh, they said.Three premises of the company and Duggal in Delhi and one each in Shimla, Noida and Chandigarh are being covered during the operation, the officials said. This is the fourth round of searches in the case in which the CBI had already carried out similar operations on April 21 and July 6 last year and May 17 this year, they said.

Malik, who was the governor of J&K from August 23, 2018 to October 30, 2019, had alleged that he was offered a Rs 300-crore bribe for clearing two files, including the one pertaining to the project. “The case was registered on allegations of malpractices in award of the contract worth approximately Rs 2,200 crore of civil works of Kiru HEP to a private company in the year 2019,” the CBI had said earlier.

The agency has booked the former chairman of the Chenab Valley Power Projects (Private) Limited, Navin Kumar Chaudhary, former officials M S Babu, M K Mittal and Arun Kumar Mishra and Patel Engineering Limited. Chaudhary is a 1994-batch Jammu and Kashmir-cadre (now AGMUT cadre) IAS officer.”Though a decision was taken in 47th board meeting of CVPPPL (Chenab Valley Power Projects (P) Ltd) for re-tender through e-tendering with reverse auction after cancellation of ongoing tendering process, same was not implemented (as per decision taken in 48th board meeting) and tender was finally awarded to Patel Engineering Limited,” the FIR has alleged. https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/india/cbi-conducting-searches-over-graft-in-contract-for-rs-2200-crore-kiru-hydro-power-project-in-jk-11844231.html  (02 Dec. 2023)

Karnataka Tip of irrigation scam? It’s not very frequent that irrigation scams come to light. Somewhat inadvertently, the Karnataka irrigation scam seems to be getting exposed when the newly elected state govt stopped two irrigation projects in the constituency of the irrigation minister of the previous state govt, the GattiBasavanna Dam and the Ammajeshwari Lift Irrigation Project. In both cases, the department officials are saying that they prepared the project reports based on instructions from above. In both cases, the costs proposed at one stage were 3 to 9 times higher than the revised estimated cost.

One only hopes that the govt, media and the judiciary will go to the bottom of these revelations and bring to light the full dimensions of what seems like a tip of the Karnataka Irrigation Scam. It is public knowledge that Karnataka has been spending tens of thousands of crores each of the last few years in the name of big irrigation or dam projects, without commensurate benefits .https://sandrp.in/2023/06/12/drp-nb-120623-tip-of-karnataka-irrigation-scam/

Sikkim Corruption in Teesta-III HEP construction Like a magic act, money taken as government-guaranteed loans for developing the 1200 Mw Teesta-III HEP was deftly transferred by the project promoters from its “left pocket to the right pocket” during the murky construction phase. Details of alleged unregulated sanctions, financial irregularities and technical compromises by the Teesta Urja Ltd (now Sikkim Urja Ltd) from inception to completion of the nearly Rs. 14,000 crore Teesta-III HEP were presented by Chief Minister PS Golay on Oct 16. https://sikkimexpress.com/news-details/how-teesta-iii-hep-construction-money-went-from-left-pocket-to-right-pocket-of-same-group (18 Oct. 2023)

Sikkim Bhutia Lepcha Apex Committee (SIBLAC), Sikkim’s apex tribal body, is demanding a comprehensive Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) inquiry into the controversial Teesta Dam project. https://www.indiatodayne.in/sikkim/story/sikkims-apex-tribal-body-calls-for-cbi-inquiry-into-teesta-dam-project-disaster-demands-accountability-698993-2023-10-23  (23 Oct. 2023)

Arunachal Pradesh DMAP alleges corruption in Hydropower projects Alleging large scale corruption in hydropower projects, the group says: “Therefore, the public should raise their voices against the present state movement for misusing the rivers and forests for personal gains… Therefore, I appeal to the public to stop any ongoing hydropower work in their areas. Such illegal logging activities are carried out outside the notified submergence area of the project, thereby causing random loss of flora and fauna.”https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/arunachal-news/dmap-alleges-corruption-in-hydropower-projects-in-arunachal-636797   (09 Feb. 2023) DMAP President Taw Paul claimed that huge liabilities of about Rs. 1000 crore has been shouldered upon the state government due to the loan amounting to Rs. 225 Crore taken from the NHPC at an interest of 9% per annum, which in years to come will have a worse impact on the state and its people. http://www.easternsentinel.in/news/state/pro-dam-body-blames-state-govt-of-high-corruption-in-hydropower-projects.html  (08 Feb. 2023)

Madhya Pradesh L&T fined ₹2.15cr for illegally mining ‘diamond’ gravel Thegovt has fined Larsen & Toubro (L&T) Rs 2.15 crore for digging out gravel containing diamonds and boulders from Runj River, in the Panna district, where the company is constructing a dam. The Rs 270-crore 1,182 metre-long dam across Runj, a tributary of Bhaigan that ultimately joins the Yamuna, has been under construction in Ajaigarh tehsil since 2017-18.

It is not the first time that L&T has been fined for exploiting natural resources. On November 6, 2020, the state mining department fined the company Rs 50 lakh for stealing the royalty of 25,000 cubic metre road stone used in the dam construction.Clubbing both cases, the department slapped a penalty of around Rs 2.15 crore—but L&T neither paid the fine nor replied to the show-cause notices, an official told News Click.

Besides not paying the penalty, the company has not allegedly paid compensation for the land acquired to construct the dam to hundreds of farmers—more than 90% tribals—in Bishramganj village, and small settlements such as PandePurva, Banglan and Majhpurva in the tehsil. Last November, the farmers marched for 15 km from the dam site to Panna district headquarters to gherao district collector Sanjay Kumar Mishra’s office and handed over a memorandum of demands. They alleged that authorities have been prevaricating for the past five years. https://www.newsclick.in/lt-fined-rs215-cr-illegally-mining-diamond-gravel-mp  (17 May 2023)

Compiled by Bhim Singh Rawat (bhim.sandrp@gmail.com)