(Feature Image: 120 Mw Vyasi HEP dam on Yamuna river in Vikas Nagar, Dehradun. SANDRP/June 2024)

Two separate reports this week shows why we need to shun big dams, big hydro. The New York Times, based on several research papers have said that unstable water cycles are making big hydropower projects unreliable. This is clear this year from a number of countries, including India, China, Canada, Turkey and Ecuador among others. The report also emphasizes the loss of biodiversity, methane emissions, submergence, among other issues plaguing the hydropower projects.

Another report quoting Stanford University study says that big reservoirs cannot meet future water storage needs and we need to go for alternative, nature-based storage options. Alternative storage options like soil moisture, aquifers and local water systems. Such storage options also provide “the critical synergy between water infrastructure, climate adaptation, and agricultural resilience.”

Both are highly eminently relevant for India. When will we start adopting such options?

When Hydropower Runs Dry Global pollution from electricity generation was set to fall last year, thanks to the growth of renewable energy. Then came the droughts, severely affecting hydropower generation. In China, the worst-hit country, hydroelectricity generation saw the steepest fall in the past two decades, according to the I.E.A. This year, the dip in hydropower has continued in some countries, including Ecuador and Turkey, as temperatures continue to shatter records. Because its giant hydroelectric dams didn’t have enough water, Canada imported more electricity from the United States than it had done in over a decade.

Here we try to explain why hydropower is struggling, why it may not be as clean as many people think. Studies have shown that pumping more carbon into the atmosphere changes precipitation patterns, increases the evaporation of water and melts glaciers that feed into some of the world’s biggest rivers. All of this can dry up reservoirs that fuel hydropower plants. In the United States, hydropower generation fell 6 percent last year. The decline was mostly attributed to high temperatures having melted snow too quickly in the Northwest, leading to huge water loss that curbed energy production in hydropower plants. In China, hydropower generation fell around 4.9 percent last year, according to the I.E.A., because of a severe drought in the southwest provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.

Unstable water cycles aren’t the only problem plaguing hydro. Methane emissions from organic matter that accumulates in reservoirs are an increasing source of concern, though they’re not yet fully understood. And a growing number of experts have pointed to hydropower’s overall carbon footprint, Inside Climate News reported last year. The construction of hydropower plants has led to significant biodiversity loss, as large ecosystems get flooded after dams are built. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/climate/global-hydropower-decline.html  (04 June 2024)

Study Dams & reservoirs can’t meet future water storage needs Dams and reservoirs won’t be able to meet the demand for water in the coming decades, according to a recent Stanford University-led study from a team including Carnegie Science’s Lorenzo Rosa. The researchers developed a first-of-its-kind global map of how agriculture and energy systems depend on stored water from dams and reservoirs—so-called gray infrastructure—to generate power and grow food. Their findings underscore the need to explore alternative options, including other renewable energy sources and sustainable water storage approaches. Stanford’s Rafael Schmitt, the lead author of the paper, which was recently published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews said, “Our study shows that the solutions of the past are insufficient and can be damaging to already overstretched freshwater ecosystems.”

Schmitt and Rosa caution against building new dams and urge land managers and policymakers to consider nature-based water storage strategies for sustainable irrigation. “Because 40 percent of the world’s food production depends on irrigation, understanding the dual role of water storage for irrigation and energy is paramount,” Rosa concluded. “This study illuminates the path forward for sustainable development, emphasizing the critical synergy between water infrastructure, climate adaptation, and agricultural resilience.” https://carnegiescience.edu/dams-and-reservoirs-cant-meet-future-water-storage-needs  (08 June 2024)

HYDRO POWER PROJECTS

Report River defence & restoration movements: A literature review Abstract: Since the 1980s, scholars have been documenting protest movements against the building of large hydropower dams. These movements have arisen mainly in communities where people have experienced displacement and loss of livelihood without receiving proper compensation. Less attention has been paid to community action and environmental movements that promoted the restoration of canalised, diverted, depleted and/or polluted rivers. Since the beginning of the 2000s, however, more attention is being paid in academic literature to communities and social movements that propose to remove dams, stop pollution of rivers, restore fish ecosystems, or rewild rivers. There has also been increased interest in movements advocating for the granting of legal personhood to rivers and in those that are opposing dams because they want to protect free-flowing rivers for fish migration or tourism. A systematic literature review was undertaken in order to analyse scientific publications on diverse river defence and restoration movements. A relatively small number (104) of publications was retrieved, but these nevertheless showed a diversity in geographic spread and coverage of river issues and river movement strategies. The attention of the publications shifted from anti-dam protests to a variety of issues including especially river pollution, and to a minor degree issues like indigenous rights and rights of rivers. Most of the publications addressed river movements in the USA and India and the majority did not describe the movements’ activities in detail; several, however, described effective activism, advocacy, citizen science monitoring, and litigation. The review suggests that river movements contribute to democratic governance and environmental justice. It also shows that the scientific literature is focused mainly on large anti-dam protests and pays less attention to local river activism and its networks. (Jeroen Vos Water Alternatives 17(2): 239-265) https://www.water-alternatives.org/index.php/alldoc/articles/vol17/v17issue2/752-a17-2-10/file 

This is clearly not a comprehensive report, considering number of omissions.

Arunachal Pradesh Anti dam activists attend Asia Women & Rivers Congress Over 120 women leaders attended the Asia Women and Rivers Congress 2024 at Chiang Rai, Thailand from June 4-6 last. The Congress was attended by Arunachal Pradesh team comprising of Bhanu Tatak of Siang Indigenous Farmer’s Forum (SIFF), anti dam forum in Siang and steering committee member of Asia Indigenous People’s Network on Extractive Energy (AIPNEE) who was awarded the Bhagirath Prayas Samman 2023, annual Award by India Rivers Forum for exception work in River Conservation, last year. Bhanu was accompanied by Karry Padu, an independent Filmmaker known for films I am Property (2020), The Vivid Project (2018) and Canada Di Flight (2016). Ajoh Mihu, an independent Researcher and member of Dibang Resistance also attended the Congress.

Bhanu raised concern and stories of the Anti dam movement spanning over 15 years in Siang and Dibang district of Aruanchal Pradesh. The Asia Women and Rivers Congress brought together women leaders from riverine and indigenous communities, civil society, academia, and policymakers to discuss water, energy, and climate change challenges that are faced in transboundary river basins that flow across South and Southeast Asia. The participants shared their experiences and knowledge, and plan collaborative strategies for women’s-led river protection campaigns and responses to the challenges they face. https://www.easternsentinel.in/news/state/arunachal-anti-dam-activists-attend-asia-women-and-rivers-congress-held-in-thailand.html  (09 June 2024)

Asia Women and Rivers Congress held in Thailand during June 4-6 2024. Bhanu Tatak from Arunachal Pradesh, India participated.

Agreement for Fisheries Management Plan at Subansiri Lower HEP The agreement was formalized between the Department of Fisheries, Government of Arunachal Pradesh, and NHPC Ltd. on June 6. To kickstart the initiative, approximately 6000 fingerlings of Indian Major Carps were released into the Subansiri River downstream of the dam. https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/department-of-fisheries-and-nhpc-sign-agreement-for-fisheries-management-plan-at-subansiri-lower-he-project (8 Jun 2024)

6000 Indian major carp released in Subansiri The plan envisages development of hatcheries for rearing of fish seed of Golden Mahseer, Snow Trout and Indian Major and Minor Carps by Department of Fisheries, Government of Arunachal Pradesh and the ranching of fingerlings in Subansiri river upstream of SLP-Dam as a conservation measure for sustenance of riverine ecology. https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/6000-indian-major-carp-released-in-subansiri-river-to-strengthen-fisheries-management-1023260-2024-06-07  (07 June 2024)

Uttarakhand UP man drowns in Yamuna The site of incident is just downstream the power house of 120 Mw Vyasi HEP. In June month the natural water level in the river is generally low. The incident could be a result of water releases from the power house. A man from Uttar Pradesh drowned on Saturday (June 8) while bathing in the Yamuna river near the Osho Ashram here, police said. The police identified the victim as Mrinal (19), a resident of Indirapuram, Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh. According to Assistant Sub Inspector Suresh Tomar, Mrinal slipped and fell into the river while bathing and was swept away by its strong currents. https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/national/2024/06/08/nrg8-ukd-drowning.html (8 Jun 2024)

Opinion SC’s simplistic view on energy production undercuts its ruling on climate justice ‘Greener’ alternatives such as solar and hydroelectricity affect the environment and the most marginalised in equally devastating, if different ways. Ashish Kothari & Shrishtee Bajpai)  https://scroll.in/article/1067767/supreme-courts-simplistic-view-on-energy-production-undercuts-its-ruling-on-climate-justice  (07 June 2024)

DAMS

Kaleshwaram Project Medigadda repairs to be completed in a week Telangana Interim flood protection measures recommended by the National Dam Safety Authority at Medigadda barrage are progressing rapidly, and L&T, which built the barrage and was instructed to take up the repair works by the state government, said on June 7. Company’s senior representative S. Suresh Kumar explained that nearly 90 per cent of grouting under the partially sunk Block 7 of the barrage had been completed, and that nearly 60 per cent of works placing cement concrete blocks for flood dissipation, after the downstream apron of the barrage too has been completed. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/medigadda-repairs-to-be-completed-in-a-week-897910  (08 June 2024)

Finish barrage repairs soon: State govt Sundilla barrage work, which is being taken up by the executing agency Navayuga, has been slow. The govt has warned Navayuga to speed up work and complete it by June 28.

– State irrigation engineer-in-chief G Anil Kumar told media on Friday that water can be lifted from Annaram (Kannepally pump house) and Sundilla, and Medigadda to Yellampally during flood season. “Since Pranahitha river joins Godavari at Kannepally, water can be pumped at pumphouse head regulator at about 11 metres and also by erecting geo-tubes while the flood recedes. At Sundilla, water can be drawn at nine metres and at Medigadda it can be pumped from five metres,” he said. Meanwhile, Telangana irrigation minister N Uttam Kumar Reddy and irrigation officials visited three barrages and inspected work as suggested by the NDSA. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/telangana-govt-urges-three-agencies-to-expedite-barrage-repairs/articleshow/110809468.cms  (08 June 2024)

A blunder or solution for water woes? There is a danger that the new government may fall into classic ‘sunken cost fallacy syndrome’. This might include wasting money on techno-engineering fixes and rushing to alternative locations to facilitate more contracts and more loans.

– KCR had launched three projects, with lot of publicity, to resolve the water-related issues — Mission Kakatiya (for revival of the traditional tanks), Mission Bhagiratha (water supply to every household through taps) and Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project (KLIP) (for irrigating an ayacut of 18,25,700 acres against the original proposed ayacut of 16,40,000 acres). The money spent on these projects exceeded Rs 200,000 and most of it was through borrowings. However, there is no data, no discussion and no debate on the impact of these projects.  Within Telangana, the general perception is that though there are some benefits of these projects,  these are not  comparable with the size of the investments and publicised benefits. 

– Mega Engineering and Infrastructure Limited (MEIL) is the main EPC contractor for Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project. Data indicates that MEIL purchased Rs 966 crore worth electoral bonds which were given to various political parties — Rs 584 crore went to the BJP and the BRS redeemed Rs 195 crore worth of bonds bought by the company. The connection between the KLIP contract and the relatively large sums of money received by the regional party from MEIL may not be  entirely unrelated and or a coincidence. 

– Right now, the Telangana government seems to be engaged, what can be termed as ‘reactive firefighting’. This includes a) undertaking the preliminary repairs as suggested by NDSA interim report b) commissioning probes on financial irregularities c) constituting internal committees to help NDSA to come out with the final report on the crumbling infrastructure.

This process will not address the core issues related to KLIP, some of them are articulated in the recent CAG report. At best the current measures by the Telangana government may buy some time, political face saving and postpone the issues. The state government needs to engage in serious and comprehensive process to find out the definitive answers for the following questions: Will these three barrages on Godavari river be safe after all the repairs suggested by the NDSA are completed? Is it possible to lift 215 TMC of water, even if the system functions properly? Is it really possible to provide irrigation to 18,25,700 acres ? What could be the real cost of operating the entire system? What is the reasonable cost of water delivery for each ac of irrigation? Is the major reservoir Mallannasagar safe as and when 50 TMC of water is filled up? Are there any clear alternatives which are cheaper and faster to bring water to Yellampally? Is there a different approach to support farmers instead of the high cost of water delivery through lift irrigation? https://thewire.in/government/kaleshwaram-irrigation-project-a-blunder-or-solution-for-telanganas-water-woes  (03 June 2024)

Sardar Sarovar Project Village submerged for Narmada dam remains thirsty and neglected Despite literally living inside the Narmada Dam, 40-year-old Sumitra Tadvi laments the lack of potable water in Manibeli village of Maharashtra. “The problem is worse in the monsoon when the rain makes the water muddy. We consume the water as it is… Whom should we complain to?” she asks. The village, part of the Nandurbar district, was among the firsts to be submerged during the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam in 1993-94. Manibeli is part of the Akkalkuwa ST reserved Assembly constituency of Nandurbar ST Lok Sabha seat. The village now has electricity from a solar project of the Maharashtra government. Yet, the drinking water issue remains unresolved as the villagers depend on the river water for their daily needs.

The major development the tiny hamlet, situated in the hilly terrain of the Satpura range in the Narmada backwaters of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, has witnessed over the years seem to be the 4G mobile connectivity, thanks to the tourism circuit that houses the Statue of Unity (SoU) around 140 kms away in Ekta Nagar (formerly Kevadia). The villagers who can now see the statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel — towering at a height of 182 metres and touted to be the world’s tallest — from their island hamlet, however, say nothing much has changed on the ground for them in the past five years.

According to Sumitra, the villagers depend on Gujarat for basic needs such as hospitals, groceries and even for work. “We are not well-versed in Marathi language either, but we are voters in Maharashtra.” While it has a Marathi-medium primary school and a public healthcare centre, access to the first town in Maharashtra is about two-and-a-half hours by a kutcha road through Molgi village. In case of emergencies, the villagers prefer the 40-minute boat ride to Ekta Nagar — the closer option. Children of the village also prefer enrolling at schools in Gujarat for their secondary and higher education. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/village-submerged-for-narmada-dam-remains-thirsty-and-neglected-9321216/  (11 May 2024)

Maharashtra A Dive for Dam Safety A 52-year-old man, Deepak Bachche Patil from Pune, staged a protest by climbing onto a safety net at Maharashtra’s Mantralaya, advocating for better maintenance and safety of dams in the state. Rescued by security personnel, Patil, an activist, had previously conducted a hunger strike over the same issue. https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/law-order/2974143-activists-high-stakes-protest-a-dive-for-dam-safety-in-maharashtra  (06 June 2024)

Himachal Pradesh As Beas Dam completes 50 years The wars of 1965 and 1971 with Pakistan affected the construction schedule of the dam as allocation of funds was slashed. In 1971, construction was in full swing but Army officers insisted on taking away some equipment to strengthen their war strategy. They loaded dozers and allied machines on their trailers and left for the borders, saying, ‘First war, later wall’. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/as-beas-dam-completes-50-years-629006  (09 June 2024)

INTERSTATE WATER DISPUTES

Yamuna Water Disputes Time to review UYRB There is need for urgent review of Upper Yamuna River Board agreement to facilitate scientific distribution of Yamuna waters. Otherwise, the objective of river revival and solution to Delhi water crisis cannot be achieved. https://sandrp.in/2024/06/05/yamuna-manthan-050624-time-to-review-uyrb-to-address-delhi-water-crisis-save-river/  (05 June 2024)

SC tells Himachal to release surplus water -“Since Himachal Pradesh… is ready, willing to release the surplus water available with it, we direct that Himachal Pradesh shall release 137 cusecs of surplus water available with it from the upstream, so that the water reaches Hathnikund and Delhi through Wazirabad,” a bench of Justices Prashant Kumar Mishra and K V Viswanathan said. The court then directed that a report on the matter be submitted before it on June 10.

-Referring to the court’s June 3 direction for the Upper Yamuna River Board (UYRB) to discuss the issue, the bench noted: “In compliance with the order, UYRB convened its meeting on June 5 and discussed the water crisis faced by Delhi. Two pertinent issues discussed in the meeting were the matter related to actualisation of MoU between Delhi and Himachal Pradesh, and secondly, additional water required by Delhi and the way forward.”

-During the hearing, Justice Mishra asked the Haryana counsel: “What is your objection if we direct release of excess water available with Himachal Pradesh for the benefit of Delhi?” The Haryana government counsel questioned: “Who will determine that it is excess water,” adding that there is no system in place to measure its excess water. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/delhi-water-shortage-himachal-pradesh-haryana-supreme-court-9375374/  (07 June 2024) कोर्ट ने कहा है कि हरियाणा को सूचित कर हिमाचल प्रदेश सरकार दिल्ली के लिए 7 जून को 137 क्यूसेक पानी रिलीज करेगी। कोर्ट ने इस दौरान टिप्पणी करते हुए कहा है कि पानी को लेकर कोई भी राजनीति नहीं होनी चाहिए। अदालत ने अगली सुनवाई के लिए 10 जून की तारीख तय कर दी है। https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/delhi/development/delhi-water-shortage-supreme-court-orders-himachal-pradesh-to-release-water-soon/articleshow/110759005.cms (6 Jun 2024)

Why Delhi struggles with water shortage Many factors contribute to the perpetuation of this ever-expanding crisis, including the over-extraction of groundwater, pollution of water sources, growth of the migrant population, adverse impacts of climate change, inefficient water management practices, and inter-state water disputes. (Anil Swarup) https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/delhi-water-shortage-problem-how-can-it-be-fixed-9369435/  (03 June 2024)

Govt of India argues in SC that 52% of water meant for Delhi is pilfered by industries and tanker mafia. The question is what is the centre doing about it? https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/tanker-mafia-industries-pilfer-52-of-water-meant-for-delhi-centre-claims-in-apex-court/articleshow/110683821.cms  (04 June 2024)

SC has asked in its order of June 3 2024 that the Upper Yamuna Board meeting be held immediately and minutes be submitted to SC on June 6 hearing. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-directs-the-yamuna-river-board-to-hold-an-urgent-meeting-on-june-5-to-address-delhis-water-crisis/article68245880.ece  (03 June 2024)

With the Delhi Water Minister accusing Haryana of inadequate water supply to the Capital, an official in the neighbouring state has said that the shortfall could be due to higher evaporation losses on account of the severe heat this year. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/water-delhi-shortfall-evaporation-losses-heat-haryana-9382050/  (10 June 2024)

Doubts over how city will process HP water DJB achieved a significant milestone on Friday (June 7) by producing 1,002 million gallons per day (MGD) of water, exceeding the combined capacity of its nine water treatment plants by around 47 MGD. Following the Supreme Court’s directive on Thursday (June 6), Himachal Pradesh is set to provide water to the capital to meet the growing demand. However, concerns have been expressed about DJB’s capacity to effectively use the additional raw water and boost the water production.

DJB officials had doubts about the utilisation of the extra water that Delhi is expected to receive from Himachal Pradesh. “Given that the existing water treatment plants are already operating at their maximum capacity, there is limited scope for accommodating and processing extra water,” said a DJB official. “We estimate that around 67 MGD of water will be available when Haryana releases water, but that will not reflect in the actual water production.”

The 137 cusecs of raw water that the hill state will be releasing for the city will amount to approximately 70 MGD. After accounting for water losses of about 10%, the Wazirabad barrage will ultimately receive around 65 MGD of water. With all the nine WTPs already operating above their capacities, treating this extra volume of water would require an increased capacity. It is being estimated that only around 30 MGD of the expected 65 MGD will be available in the next few days, presenting a challenge to DJB. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/doubts-over-delhis-capacity-to-process-himachal-pradesh-water/articleshow/110807773.cms  (08 June 2024)

URBAN RIVERS

PRC Kota Declaration on Riverfront From 1st June to 2nd June 2024, activists and concerned citizens from across India gathered in Kota, Rajasthan for a National Consultation on Riverfronts Development in India titled, “Rivers at Risk: Riverfront Development and Socio-Ecological Crisis”. Below is the Kota Declaration on Riverfronts that the discussants released. https://prcindia.in/announcements/kota-declaration-on-riverfront/  (04 June 2024)

You Tube recordings of discussion held during two days National Consultation on RFD in India titled, “Rivers at Risk: Riverfront Dev & Socio-Ecological Crisis” in Kota can be seen here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3eAUBeapyM  (01 June 2024); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7NLMwMd3KY  (01 June 2024); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz2mrq2gGns  (02 June 2024)

RIVERS

Study Human actions changing rivers Agriculture and urbanisation are likely speeding up the process of breakdown of plant litter in rivers and streams globally, according to a new study. This could contribute to increased greenhouse gas emissions and disrupt the food chain, the study published in Science warned. Leaves that reach the rivers are decomposed by bacteria and fungi. They are, in turn, consumed by insects, which are then preyed upon by fish. Faster decomposition rates mean the carbon is released into the atmosphere even before the insects get a chance to absorb the carbon from the leaf.

– “When human activities change the fundamental ways rivers work, it is concerning. Increases in decomposition rates may be problematic for the global carbon cycle and animals, like insects and fish, that live in streams,” Krista Capps, co-author of the study and associate professor at the University of Georgia, said in a statement. Rivers occupy 0.58% of the non-glaciated land area and receive 0.72 billion tons of terrestrial carbon per year.

– Capps and team found a gap in our understanding of decompression rates of plant organic matter in the river and their drivers such as climate, geology, vegetation, water quality, and soils. This, according to the team, is particularly relevant for the tropics and lower-income economies as their rivers are understudied compared to the northern temperate zones. So the team collected field data from 550 rivers around the globe and then turned to predictive modelling and machine-learning algorithms to fill in those gaps. More than 150 researchers in 40 countries contributed samples using a standardised field assay based on the decomposition of small pieces of cotton fabric.

– The drivers of increased decomposition rates, according to the team, are higher temperatures and increased nutrient concentrations. “Both of these factors are impacted by human activities,” David Costello, co-author of the study and an associate professor at Kent State, said in a statement. “Reducing human impacts on decomposition will keep more carbon in rivers, preventing it from entering the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and contributing to climate change,” the expert added. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/climate-change/human-actions-are-changing-rivers-by-altering-decomposition-rates-increasing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-study-96445  (31 May 2024)

Book There are Rivers in the Sky

A dazzling feat of storytelling from one of the greatest writers of our time, Elif Shafak’s There are Rivers in the Sky is a rich, sweeping novel that spans centuries, continents and cultures, entwined by rivers, rains, and waterdrops: ‘Water remembers. It is humans who forget.’ https://www.amazon.in/Untitled-bestselling-author-Island-Missing-ebook/dp/B0BLGMP41J 

BRAHMAPUTRA Study Characteristics of MP in tributaries of upper Brahmaputra Abstract Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global concern, yet its presence in riverine environments has received limited research attention. This study aimed to evaluate MP levels and identify their potential sources in river surface water and nearby soil samples from two rural and remote rivers near the Jaldapara National Park in the foothills of Eastern Himalaya of India.

-Understanding the sources and characteristics of microplastics is vital in formulating effective mitigation strategies and promoting responsible waste management practices. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, environmentalists, and local communities to implement measures that curb plastic waste and safeguard vulnerable riverine ecosystems from the adverse impacts of MP pollution. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2515-7620/ad54a2  (05 June 2024)

Arunachal Pradesh Over 370 kgs of waste collected from Sangti River Northeast Waste Collective (NWC), an NGO working with the local community in handling waste since 2020, organized the river cleaning drive in collaboration with Indo Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and the community of Sangti Valley.

-Sangti Valley has a community-owned material recovery facility from where recyclables are regularly sent for recycling through local scrap dealers, the release said. All the plastic waste categorized were then clubbed together and segregated brand-wise as part of the brand audit, which is the main component of the Himalayan Cleanup, it said. The top five polluters identified from the brand audit were Heaven Aqua, Mountain Dew (PepsiCo), Bikaji, Coca Cola and Maggi.

-“The categorization is done to understand the biggest polluters in the Himalayan region so that we can demand accountability in fulfilling their Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) obligations as per the Plastic Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2024 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC),” the release said. “As per the EPR, the brand owners are supposed to ensure that the waste generated from their products are collected and sent for recycling,” it said. https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2024/06/04/over-370-kgs-of-waste-collected-from-sangti-river/  (04 June 2024)

Tamil Nadu When an army of women came together to revive a river The Naganadhi river with its catchment area in Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts had dried up many years ago. The groundwater in the area reduced subsequently making the area bore-well dependent. Over a 1000 women from 21 villages of a revenue block in Vellore district built recharge wells and check dams to recharge groundwater which, in turn, revived the river. The groundwater recharge work has now been extended to nine other districts led by close to 20,000 women. https://india.mongabay.com/2021/02/when-an-army-of-women-came-together-to-revive-a-river/  (23 Feb. 2021)

Karnataka How water shapes the lives of farmers in Raichur When you look at a map of Raichur, you find a district flanked by two major rivers – the Krishna and Tungabhadra. Along with Koppal and Bellary districts, this region in north Karnataka is even called the ‘rice bowl’ of the state. Based on this information alone, you would expect a fertile landscape where farming thrives and access to water is unfettered. But this is far from the case. https://welllabs.org/field-notes-raichur-water-access-agriculture/  (03 June 2024)

Rajasthan Untreated industrial effluents dumped in Jojari river a tributary of Luni is adversely impacting human health, wildlife, vegetation and soil quality in several villages located along Jodhpur-Barmer border in Rajasthan.

Himachal Pradesh Manali MC fined Rs 4.6 cr for polluting Beas The NGT decision comes on the basis of the report of the NGT-constituted Joint Committee comprising HP State Pollution Control Board (HPSPCB) and District Magistrate, Kullu to check violation environmental norms. On spot visit, the committee found the plant being non-operational, empty composite pits, foul smell, mixed solid waste, heaps of organic waste mixed with plastic contents stored without any further treatment and no separate compartments for collection of e-waste and domestic hazardous waste. The Joint Committee had directed immediate stopping of the flow of leachate towards the river Beas and making the compost pits functional. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/himachal/manali-mc-fined-4-6-cr-for-polluting-beas-627606  (04 June 2024)

GANGA Ganga Dussehra 2024 This year, Ganga Dussehra will be observed on Sunday, June 16, 2024. It is believed that Goddess Ganga descended to Earth on the tenth day of the waxing moon phase in Jyeshtha. This day is celebrated as Ganga Dussehra. Bathing in the Ganges on this day is believed to cleanse ten types of serious sins and free a person from the cycle of birth and death. https://news.abplive.com/astro/ganga-dussehra-2024-date-muhurat-significance-puja-vidhi-katha-1694427  (09 June 2024)

YAMUNA Delhi Making river monsoon ready Nearly a year after the water level of the Yamuna breached the 208-metre mark to give way to the worst-ever recorded flood in 45 years in Delhi, since 1978, work to desilt the area around the ITO Barrage is on at a frenetic pace.

-The Delhi government’s Irrigation and Flood Control Department started work in the area nearly two months ago to make sure there is no repeat of last year. Among other important measures taken is the construction of bunds along with raising the height of embankments.

-In April, I&FC minister Saurabh Bharadwaj wrote to Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini to direct Haryana Irrigation Department officers to open all ITO barrage gates. The barrage is under the ownership of the Haryana government.

-The department has another worry on its hands — plateaus have formed on the riverbed because of the dumping of debris and discarded construction material. An official said agencies working on the Regional Rapid Transit System (between Sarai Kale Khan and Meerut) and Barapullah Flyover extension have left behind sheet piles, pile caps, and debris that can’t be eroded by water, which means the movement of water through the barrage slows down. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/building-new-bunds-clearing-silt-and-debris-how-delhi-is-making-yamuna-banks-monsoon-ready-9378963/  (08 June 2024)

Taking inspiration from the successful railway coach restaurant at New Delhi Railway Station, Delhi Development Authority (DDA) wants to create similar facilities at two of its recreational hubs on the Yamuna floodplain, Asita East and Yamuna Vatika. DDA is said to have already approached Northern Railway, requesting two old or discarded coaches to implement the plan. Negotiations are currently underway between DDA and Northern Railway for the coaches, a senior railway official said. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dda-plans-to-create-dining-facilities-at-recreational-hubs-inspired-by-ndls/articleshow/110807439.cms  (08 June 2024)

Haryana 13 illegal denim dyeing units in Sonepat served notices The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) has served show-cause notices to 13 illegal jeans dyeing units operational in the Ferozepur Bangar area of Kharkhoda in the district, reportedly for violating pollution norms and discharging effluents without treatment in the open. These units were running without the consent to operate and valid permission for the extraction of groundwater from the Haryana Water Resources Authority. According to the complainant, these units had no effluent treatment plant and were discharging effluents directly into drains, which was also a big reason for pollution in the Yamuna. Delhi-based environmentalist Varun Gulati had filed a complaint in the NGT alleging that over 500 dyeing units were operating in the residential and non-confirming areas — Dheeraj Nagar and Surya Vihar of Faridabad district; Friends Colony, Pyau Maniyari, Ferozpur Bangar of Sonepat district; Bajghera, Dhankot, Dhanwapur and Sector 37 of Gurugram and Badsa village of Jhajjar district and Nizampur in Bahadurgarh. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/13-illegal-denim-dyeing-units-in-sonepat-served-notices-629065  (09 June 2024)

FISH, FISHERIES, FISHERFOLKS

Kerala Fish kill spotlights pangs of Periyar The latest fish kill reported in the Periyar river on May 21 and 22 has brought to light uncontrolled pollution of the river and the misery it heaps on the fish farmers who depend on this lifeline for sustenance. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/fish-kill-spotlights-pangs-of-periyar/article68259116.ece  (07 June 2024)

-Experts said at a meeting here on June 2 (Sunday) that the fish kill reported on the Pathalam stretch of the Periyar nearly two weeks ago should be considered as an incident with long-term consequences for the entire ecological life supported by the river system. “We should not look at the fish kill only as a matter affecting fish resources and fishermen’s livelihood and pollution of a drinking water source,” they said. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/experts-warn-of-long-term-consequences-of-river-pollution-in-the-wake-of-periyar-fish-kill/article68243327.ece  (02 June 2024)

-The prolonged closure of the shutters results in the accumulation of organic load, which subsequently causes decline in DO levels in the upstream water of the bund. Therefore, instructions were issued to the Irrigation department in January to maintain minimum flow in the river. However, the Irrigation department had not taken any action to maintain the minimum flow or to intimate the PCB or other relevant departments regarding the opening of the shutters.

-The Board also suggested the constitution of a committee consisting of officials of the Irrigation department, PCB, and the Eloor municipality, and laying down a protocol for operating the regulatory-cum-bridge at Pathalam. The Irrigation department should coordinate necessary action in this regard.

-It also suggested constituting a joint committee comprising heads of various departments including Revenue, Fisheries, Irrigation, PCB, LSGD, and Industries to prepare a comprehensive action plan for specifically addressing the Periyar river pollution. The affidavit was filed in response to a writ petition filed by K.S.R. Menon and others seeking to prevent contamination of the river. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/high-organic-load-in-periyar-led-to-fish-kill-pcb-tells-kerala-high-court/article68246985.ece  (03 June 2024)

-The PCB stated that the incident occurred due to the opening of the Pathalam regulator-cum-bridge’s shutter on May 20, which led to the discharge of a high organic load and a decline in the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels downstream. The PCB noted that despite instructions to maintain the minimum flow in the river, the irrigation department had not taken any action to comply.

-The bench of Chief Justice A J Desai and Justice V G Arun sought an explanation from the state govt in this regard and scheduled the case for June 10. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/irrigation-department-blamed-for-fish-kill/articleshow/110683213.cms   (04 June 2024)

Report Aquaculture becomes main global source for fish For the first time, aquaculture production has exceeded the catch from traditional fisheries, the U.N. food and agriculture agency said on Friday, with just 10 countries – China, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Bangladesh, the Philippines, South Korea, Norway, Egypt and Chile – accounting for almost 90% of all aquaculture production, according to a Reuters report.

FAO said it is also important to develop the industry elsewhere, especially in Africa, which is currently a net importer of fish. Critics, however say aquafarming can damage the environment and put disease and invasive species into the wild, but FAO says this can be avoided by having proper regulation & monitoring. https://www.hindustantimes.com/business/aquaculture-becomes-main-global-source-for-fish-india-among-top-producers-101717860172317.html (8 Jun 2024)

Catla (Labeo catla) was one of the top 10 species of aquatic animals harvested by humans in 2022, according to a new report released by the United Nations on June 7, 2024. With over four million tonnes harvested in 2022, catla is eighth on the list of ‘Top ten species items’, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 noted. The species is “endemic to the riverine system in northern India, Indus plain and adjoining hills of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar, and has been introduced later into almost all riverine systems, reservoirs and tanks all over India”, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), which has brought out the report. https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/wildlife-biodiversity/catla-among-india-s-3-major-carps-among-top-10-species-of-aquatic-animals-harvested-in-2022-fao-96596  (08 June 2024)

SAND MINING

Chhattisgarh Illegal sand mining at its peak in Mahanadi river at Hardideeh in Arang area of Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

Against NOC of 6 mines, indiscriminate, mechanized mining taking place at 12 sites as reported in Dainik Bhaskar 06 June 2024 report and visible in 03 June 2024 satellite image.

Bihar Policeman mowed down by tractor carrying illegally mined sand A constable was mowed down by a tractor illegally transporting sand in Aurangabad district on Sunday (June 09), police said. The deceased, identified as Deepak Kumar (29), was on duty to check illegal sand mining when the incident took place at Musepur Khaira village within Daudnagar police station limits around 4 am. Hailing from Arrah in Bhojpur district, Mr. Kumar was rushed to a nearby hospital but was declared brought dead, police added.

Aurangabad SP Swapna Gautam Meshram said, “The incident took place when Kumar spotted a tractor loaded with illegally mined sand. Kumar instructed the driver to halt the vehicle, but he refused and mowed down the constable and fled after abandoning the tractor at the scene.” This incident bears resemblance to a previous incident in November 2023, where a 28-year-old sub-inspector was fatally struck, and a home guard was seriously injured by a tractor carrying illegally mined sand in Jamui district. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar/bihar-policeman-mowed-down-by-tractor-carrying-illegally-mined-sand/article68269335.ece  (09 June 2024)

Uttar Pradesh Cop run over by sand mafia  A 24-year-old constable was run over with a tractor allegedly by the sand mafia in Nawabganj area, police said on Sunday (June 09). The incident took place Saturday (June 08) night when constable Rohit Kumar, a resident of Bijnor, went to Nagla Chandan on a tip-off about illegal sand mining with Sub Inspector Santosh Kumar and Constable Chaman. When they stopped the tractor-trolley, and other policemen began questioning the mafia, the driver hit Mr Kumar with the tractor and injured him seriously, police said. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/24-year-old-cop-run-over-with-tractor-by-sand-mafia-in-up-police-5851677  (09 June 2024)

The sand mining mafia continued its deadly run in UP and Bihar, resulting in the deaths of a constable each in the two states, both run over by tractors within hours of each other over the weekend. On June 6, the body of 25-year-old tractor driver Avanish Kumar was found buried in a sand mound in Bihar’s Begusarai. On November 14 last year, sub-inspector Prabhat Ranjan was similarly crushed to death by the sand mafia in Jamui. These deaths are not isolated – at least 11 people have been killed across the country since 2023 for exposing or acting against illegal mining operations. Thirty-nine people, including police and activists, were killed between 2019 and 2022, according to a Down to Earth report. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/sand-smugglers-kill-2-policemen-in-up-and-bihar/articleshow/110854193.cms   (10 June 2024)

West Bengal Officer attacked for trying to stop illegal sand mining A block land and land reforms officer (BL & LRO) and three employees of his department were assaulted by youths allegedly associated with illegal sand mining in North Dinajpur district on Wednesday (May 15). Gour Soren, the BL & LRO of Karandighi block, and others who got injured, are under treatment at Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital (RGMCH). Police are searching for the attackers. Sources said that over the past few days, Soren was receiving information that some people were illegally drawing sand from some rivers and rivulets flowing through the block.

Usually, the state government leases out specific portions of the riverbed through auctions and earns royalty from the extraction of minor minerals like sand, boulders and pebbles. However, across north Bengal, illegal mining rackets, which take away such items without paying royalty to the state, are active.

“Based on specific information, we reached the block’s Jhaparatol area. We visited some riverbeds. On the way, we spotted a truck with sand. We intercepted the truck and sought documents from the driver to prove that the sand had been legally extracted,” said Soren. But the driver failed to produce any document, Soren said. Then, the BL & LRO called the truck’s owner and asked him to come to the spot. “After some time, five youths reached there on bikes. They asked why we stopped the truck and started indiscriminately beating us up with rods and sticks. Some residents intervened and rescued us,” the official, who suffered a head injury, added. https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/land-officer-attacked-for-trying-to-stop-illegal-sand-mining-operation-in-north-dinajpur/cid/2020085   (15 May 2024)

Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur: 3 die, 3 injured while mining sand A mother and son were among three people killed when a portion of an illegal mine collapsed near Jabalpur on Wednesday (June 05). Three persons were injured. The incident occurred while labourers were extracting sand from a river for a temple construction in Katra Ramkhiria village, around 40km from Jabalpur, said police. A mound of sand caved in, burying six of them. Jabalpur (rural) Additional SP Suryakant Sharma said it was Khatik who had taken the workers to the banks of Barnu river, around 11am to fetch sand for a Shiva temple site. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/illegal-sand-mining-incident-in-jabalpur-3-dead-3-injured/articleshow/110750924.cms  (06 June 2024)

Illegal Sand Mining Rampant In Chambal Sand mafias are daringly excavating and transporting sand illegally from the Chambal River in Barkheda village, showing no fear of law enforcement. In a blatant display of defiance, they are moving sand-filled tractors right past the Barkheda police station without any repercussions. According to sources, mining operations near the Joganiya Mata pilgrim site involve the use of JCBs to extract sand directly from the riverbed.

These mafias have established a robust network, ensuring the continuous flow of sand to urban areas. Despite the illegal activities occurring openly, the Barkheda police have not taken any significant action. Police station in-charge TS Dawar stated, “We do not have the right to take action. This is a matter under the mining department.” On Thursday (June 06), the mining department launched a raid on the mafias’ hideouts. However, the mafias managed to escape with their vehicles before the team could apprehend them, showcasing their well-coordinated operations. https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/madhya-pradesh-illegal-sand-mining-rampant-in-chambal  (08 June 2024)

Kerala Fish kill in Periyar triggers call against river sand mining The mass death of fish in the Edayar stretch of the Periyar last week has prompted environmentalists to once again raise voice against the government’s decision to mine sand from river beds after a gap of nearly a decade. Though sand mining has not been carried out in the State since 2016 for want of environmental clearance, river protection activists feel that any move in this direction will not help the river conditions to improve. “Sand mining will lead to further deterioration of rivers but what is needed is the removal of sediments and slush to allow free waterflow,” said Eloor Gopinath, environmental activist and State general secretary of Periyar Protection Council.  https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/fish-kill-in-periyar-triggers-call-against-river-sand-mining/article68215042.ece  (25 May 2024)

Haryana ED arrests mining baron The Enforcement Directorate (ED), Headquarters, Delhi, which arrested mining businessman from Hisar Vedpal Singh Tanwar on May 30 in connection with illegal mining in Dadam area in Bhiwani district, has taken him on remand for interrogation till June 6. The accused were associated with the firms Govardhan Mines Minerals (GMM), Karamjit Singh Co Limited (KJSL), Sunder Marketing Associates (SMA) and Baba Samaj which held the mining lease and had been associated with mining operations in Dadam from 2013. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/enforcement-directorate-arrests-mining-baron-remanded-in-custody-till-june-6-627524  (04 June 2024)

WETLANDS, LAKES, WATER BODIES

Bihar 2 more Ramsar wetlands India has marked World Environment Day by designating Nagi Bird Sanctuary and Nakti Bird Sanctuary as its newest Wetlands of International Importance.  These “Ramsar Sites” are both man-made reservoirs situated in the Jhajha forest range of Jamui District.

-Nakti Bird Sanctuary (Site no. 2546 on the “Ramsar List”) was developed primarily for irrigation through the construction of Nakti Dam. Since the dam’s construction, the wetland and its surrounding area have provided habitat for over 150 species of birds, mammals, fish, aquatic plants, and reptiles and amphibians. In 1984, the wetland was designated as a Bird Sanctuary, highlighting its importance as a wintering habitat for several migratory species, with over 20,000 birds congregating during winter months.

-Nagi Bird Sanctuary (Site no. 2545) was created following the damming of the Nagi River, which enabled the gradual formation of water bodies with clear water and aquatic vegetation. Due to its importance for migratory bird species, the Site was recognized locally as a Bird Sanctuary in 1984, and internationally as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) by BirdLife International. https://www.ramsar.org/news/india-names-its-81st-82nd-wetlands-international-importance-occasion-world-environment-day  (05 June 2024)

Assam Pobitora’s biggest wetland drying up Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, which harbours the world’s highest density of one-horned rhinos, is facing an unprecedented situation with its biggest wetland, Tamulidoba, drying up. Lying along the western boundary of the celebrated rhino-land, Tamulidoba has been an ideal habitat for rhinos and buffaloes in particular, besides hosting wide-ranging water birds. The wetland is a major attraction for tourists, who can enjoy a panoramic view of Pobitora and its varied wildlife right from the road.

At the root of the parched-up wetland has been heavy siltation that has effected a substantial rise of its bed-so much so that the wetland now resembles a field with hardly any trace of water. The situation has forced the rhinos and the buffaloes-which need the swamp to wallow in mud-to shift to other areas of the sanctuary. And in an unprecedented development, rhinos and buffaloes were seen drinking water from the Haduk Beel, another deeper water-body. “This has never happened before… none has ever seen rhinos drinking from this water-body earlier. This comes with ominous portents for Pobitora’s future,” a forest official said. He added that the inlets and outlets with the Brahmaputra which submerges a major portion the sanctuary during the monsoons have undergone undesirable changes from human activities. “This is a factor worsening the ongoing situation,” he said. The annual floods are critical to replenishing the wetlands and grassland of Pobitora. https://assamtribune.com/assam/pobitoras-biggest-wetland-drying-up-1536850  (23 May 2024)

WATER OPTIONS

Bengaluru Rain harvesters celebrate filling wells, sumps With most wells, tanks, and sumps brimming after the rains, the investments in well rejuvenation and rainwater harvesting (RWH) seem to be paying off. So much so that experts believe the establishments need not depend on Cauvery water or groundwater for next 10 days. If good rains continue, houses and establishments with RWH systems can survive with harvested water for at least 150 days this year, added Shivananda RS, a water management expert from Biome Environment Trust. Experts, in fact, believed that reduced dependency on groundwater, coupled with more recharging pits, will also help the city reclaim the groundwater levels that plummeted due to last year’s poor monsoon. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/from-parched-to-plenty-rainwater-harvesters-celebrate-filling-wells-sumps-3054680  (05 June 2024)

Environmentalist Harsha Tej’s mission to save lakes Accompanied by co-director Gurunandan Rao, Tej is currently working on 12-15 projects in and around the city, including the Sarjapur area, Airport Road, and more. “One of the lakes that has been successfully rejuvenated is Hunsmaranahalli Lake on Airport Road. There are maybe four or five people in Bengaluru who actually do what we’re doing, and we need more people,” shares Tej. Coming from an agricultural background, Tej always felt rooted in the soil. “There are not many people to help another voiceless animal, or a bird, or the environment, which is screaming for help. So, from a very young age, both Gurunandan and I have been inclined towards the environment. We understand the soil and how water works,” he says, adding, “We have hardly scratched the surface.”

The team employs techniques such as photogrammetry surveys, planting native trees around the body and desilting to remove excess silt, thereby increasing water retention capabilities. Moreover, the foundation designs wetlands at lake inlets to ensure that only clean water enters the lakes, addressing the significant challenge of sewage contamination. Tej emphasises the critical role of the community in addressing water issues, advocating for the widespread adoption of rainwater harvesting. “The crisis keeps happening because there is no groundwater. When it rains, the rain just runs off and it’s not going into the ground. There is no soil exposed. So what we can all do is have rainwater harvesting pits inside the house, anywhere that costs between `25,000 to a lakh depending on the size of the pit.  If everybody in Bengaluru can do this, we will be water-positive within two to three years,” claims Tej. https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2024/Jun/10/from-concrete-jungle-to-water-positive-environmentalist-harsha-tejs-mission-to-save-bengalurus-lakes   (10 June 2024)

Rajasthan ‘Jal Sahelis’ Lead Water Conservation Efforts “I am filling water in my pitcher. It is so heavy that I can’t lift it. This pond is like a sea. Who dug the pond? My father and my brother dug it.” The lyrics narrate the efforts of the men in digging the pond and the women who shoulder the responsibility of fetching water, painting a vivid picture of their collective struggle and resilience.

These women are members of ‘Jal Sahelis’, or Friends of Water, who emerged as the unsung heroes of their community – a title they earned through their relentless efforts and unwavering determination.  Led by forty-year-old Leela Khatun, the team’s mission was to restore a traditional pond, known locally as ‘nadi’ or ‘talaab’, that had once been the lifeblood of their village. https://www.unicef.org/india/stories/jal-sahelis-lead-water-conservation-efforts-rajasthan   (05 June 2024)

GROUNDWATER

Study Groundwater to get warmer -The “world’s first global groundwater temperature model” predicted the highest warming rates in Central Russia, Northern China and parts of North America, and the Amazon rainforest in South America. Warming of groundwater can adversely impact ecosystems relying on them, they said. “Rivers rely on groundwater to keep flowing during dry times. Warm waters hold less dissolved oxygen,” explained study co-author Gabriel Rau from the University of Newcastle, UK.

-Based on how heat spreads in water, the researchers modelled current groundwater temperatures and also projected changes between 2000-2100 around the world. Warmer groundwater raises the risk of disease-causing microbial growth, thereby, affecting drinking water quality and potentially the lives of people, said Rau. Warmer groundwater can also impact water quality by affecting its chemistry and microbiology, they said. https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/groundwater-to-get-over-3-degree-celsius-warmer-by-centurys-end-threatening-safety-study/cid/2024819  (05 June 2024)

URBAN LAKES, WETLANDS

Bengaluru Trees in lakebeds: Boon or bane? Paani.Earth explored the consequences of planting trees in lake bed through fieldwork, spatial analysis, online research, and discussions with various stakeholders—including limnologists, professors, fishermen, local activists, gram panchayat members, and forest department officials. The findings have been uploaded on its website. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/trees-in-lakebeds-boon-or-bane-3047218  (01 June 2024)

Chennai Perumbakkam wetland catches fire twice over the past two days Nearly two hectares of the Perumbakkam wetland was engulfed in fire over the past two days. Located on Sholinganallur-Medavakkam Road, the wetland, which is part of the Perumbakkam Reserve Forest, attracts several species of ducks and waders. On Thursday ( May 30), a fire was reported by locals around 9 p.m., soon after which the Tamil Nadu Fire and Rescue Services (TNFRS) personnel and the Forest Department officials reached the spot. The team, with the help of locals, put out the fire within two hours, said V.A. Saravanan, District Forest Officer, Chennai. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/perumbakkam-wetland-catches-fire-twice-over-the-past-two-days/article68236918.ece  (31 May 2024)

URBAN WATER

Hyderabad Amberpet Residents Fume at Supply of Contaminated Water Residents of Bagh Amberpet Road No. 15 have complained that the drinking water supplied to them is contaminated and they are left with no option but to purchase bottled water. With delays and excuses from authorities, the issue now remains unresolved for almost four months. Despite the HMWS&SB general manager’s visit to the place on Monday morning, the real cause of the issue could not be ascertained. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/southern-states/telangana/amberpet-residents-fume-at-supply-of-contaminated-drinking-water-897185  (03 June 2024)

Faridabad Sewage lines to undergo cleaning for first time in 60 years According to sources in the FMDA, this is perhaps the first time that the system, which is over 60 years’ old, is being cleaned. The length of the sewage system to be covered is about 95 km. Funds amounting to Rs 40 crore are likely to be spent on this work, according to the officials concerned. https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/faridabad-sewage-lines-to-undergo-cleaning-for-first-time-in-60-years-629171  (09 June 2024)

Rohtak Stormwater disposal project damages sewerage, water connections Residents of Street Numbers 1 and 2 of Mahabir Colony in the city have been miserable for several days as their sewerage and potable water supply connections were damaged due to the laying of stormwater disposal pipes. The PHED officials sent water tankers to the colony on receiving phone calls of the MLA. They also dispatched a sewage suction machine.

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/stormwater-disposal-project-damages-sewerage-water-connections-in-rohtak-629291  (10 June 2024)

WATER POLLUTION

Tamil Nadu 6 die in a fortnight in Erode’s Talavadi Hills Six persons in three settlements falling under the Talamalai panchayat in Talavadi Hills, Erode district, reportedly fell ill after consuming water from streams and water bodies filled with rainwater, and died over the past 13 days. https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/six-die-in-a-fortnight-in-erodes-talavadi-hills-health-officials-test-for-water-contamination/article68266097.ece   (08 June 2024)

WATER

Maharashtra Water in five out of 11 major dams in Marathwada Despite the water stock level of Manjara dam hitting rock bottom, the civic authorities said no water cut will be implemented in the city. ‘At present, we are supplying water every four days in Latur. Though we are going into dead storage, we have no issue for the next 3-4 months. So there will be no water cut in Latur city,’ a senior municipal official said. Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar city receives water once every eight days depending on the water situation of the Jayakwadi dam, a civic official said, adding that the work of laying a new parallel supply line is underway and is expected to be completed by the end of this year. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/maharashtra/scarcity-hits-hard-no-water-left-in-five-out-of-11-major-dams-in-marathwada-3057039  (07 June 2024)

With only 20.39 per cent water remaining in Maharashtra’s dams, a total of 4,011 tankers have already been deployed to supply water to villages and hamlets in the state. Last year, the number of water tankers being used in the first week of June was only 350. According to the data from state government’s Water Resources Department, Marathwada region (Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar division) is left with only 8.22 per cent water in its dams. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/water-dams-tankers-delpoyed-maharashtra-9380405/  (09 June 2024)

In wake of the dwindling water reserve in Morbe dam, the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) has announced two days of water cuts every week across Navi Mumbai till the monsoon starts. The water cuts are scheduled across all the nodes of the city, said an NMMC officer. As per civic administration’s estimate, water from Morbe dam can be supplied only for the next 52 days. https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/navi-mumbai-morbe-dam-reserve-dips-to-29-water-cuts-announced-check-details-here   (04 June 2024)

In Beed, of the eight dams that supply water to the district, three have no water, while two others some 2%. Storage in the other three range from some 7% to 22%. Five more weeks are to go before the monsoon sets and the situation is dire indeed. Of the 3,393 water tankers deployed across the state, 382 have been deployed for 308 villages and 282 hamlets in Beed. This is the third largest in the state. Neighbouring Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar (656 tankers) and Jalna (488) tankers have more tankers than Beed. https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/as-dams-wells-dry-up-in-beed-monsoon-is-still-a-long-five-weeks-away-101715713381704.html  (15 May 2024)

‘Focus on water harvesting to conserve land’ -‘Land Restoration, Desertification & Drought Resilience is the theme for the WED’, NatConnect Foundation pointed out in an open letter to all politicians and said water conservation is the first step towards that. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/environmentalists-urge-political-parties-to-focus-on-water-harvesting-to-conserve-land-cite-karnataka-model-3049834  (03 June 2024)

MONSOON 2024

Bangalore broke 133 year old June day rainfall record when city received 111.6 mm rainfall in 24 hours ending at 8 am on June 3 2024. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/111mm-rain-in-24-hours-bengaluru-breaks-133-year-june-record/articleshow/110678101.cms  (04 June 2024)

FLOOD 2024

Assam Rivers continue to flow above danger level -An Assam State Disaster Management Authority (ASDMA) bulletin on Sunday (June 02) night said 5,35,246 people in 13 districts continued to remain affected by the flood. The number of affected people was 6,01,642 in 10 districts on Saturday (June 01). Two deaths were reported in Cachar and one in Nagaon, taking the toll in flood and storm since May 28 to 18. Damage to infrastructure, including roads, bridges and other property, has been reported from different districts. https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/rivers-in-assam-continue-to-flow-above-danger-level-amid-incessant-rain-central-water-commission/cid/2024429  (03 June 2024)

Maharashtra The forgotten victims of 2019 floods Talking about the cause of the flood, her husband Gunda says that humans are equally to be blamed for the situation, as much as natural causes. “Yes, the floods were indeed due to the so-called ‘cloud burst’ or excessive rains, but more so due to the unchecked construction in the riverbed as well as within the flood line. The natural geology of any region affects the flow, as well as drainage of water,” Gunda says.

“It was affected due to major sand mining in riverbeds, cutting down of trees, industrial waste flowing into rivers, and an impossible amount of plastic and trash being thrown into the river. This change in flow of water and drainage has ultimately caused the villagers to suffer.” https://india.mongabay.com/2024/06/the-forgotten-victims-of-maharashtras-2019-floods/  (06 June 2024)

URBAN FLOODS

Bengaluru Telecom Layout flooded again The STP and other utilities in the layout were taken over by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) in 2017–2018. Soon after that, the storm-water drain, which is solely intended to convey surface run-off, was overrun because the civic body allegedly neglected the plant, especially during the monsoon season. The STP in the layout was connected to the sewage system of Srirampura village, situated on a higher ground. This led to an additional overflow, which brought all of the waste and excrement into Telecom Layout through the storm-water drain.

The campus of the Jawaharlal Nehru Center for Advanced Scientific Research in Jakkur (JNCASR), a central institute, which was previously traversed by storm-water drains from Telecom Layout and Srirampura, allegedly obstructed the exit pipes. The sewage water that was previously flowing via the storm-water drains is now without a place to go, resulting in flooding during the peak monsoon season. The waste water contains faecal matter.

Layout residents also complain that the BBMP and the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board have been negligent. The waterlogging issue is also connected to the widening of a Rajakaluve undertaken by the JNCASR. “The sludge deposits inside the campus in the adjoining area have no place to go, making the entire area a health hazard,” said Vishwanath, a resident. He said his garage had been flooded five times in the past seven years, resulting in extensive damage to his cars. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengalurus-flooded-storm-water-drain-outlet-9381493/  (09 June 2024)

CLOUD BURSTS

Kochi Cloudburst puts question mark on capability of IMD However, the IMD failed to take note of the emergence of the severe weather event and issue warnings in advance, giving time for various agencies to mobilise resources and to swing into action. The nowcast, a weather forecast issued by the IMD every three hours predicting the weather events in specific localities, issued by the IMD at 7.45 a.m. on the day, did not mention the impending weather event in Ernakulam.

-Interestingly, the nowcast predicted rain only in Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and Alappuzha for the next three hours, despite the IMD maintaining an S-band Doppler Weather Radar in Kochi, which is capable of providing information in advance on the wind (radial velocity) and its variance, wind shear and velocity, and locating storm centres and the probability of severe weather events, including cloudbursts, etc. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kochi-cloudburst-puts-question-mark-on-capability-of-imd-to-forecast-severe-weather-events/article68259426.ece (6  Jun 2024)

IMD confirms cloudburst On May 28, the rain gauge of the automatic weather station installed at the Advanced Center for Atmospheric Radar Research (ACARR), Cochin University of Science and Technology campus, Thrikkakara, has captured 103 mm of rainfall in one hour. An automatic weather station in Kalamassery, maintained by the IMD about one km away from the ACARR station, has also reported 100 mm of rain in one hour around the same time between 9.30 a.m. and 10.30 a.m. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/imd-confirms-cloudburst-in-kochi-on-may-28/article68256366.ece  (0 5 June 2024)

Pune ‘Cloudburst-like’ rain in parts of Pune -Parts of Pune on Tuesday (June 04) experienced a very intense to extremely intense spell of rain that an expert said was very close to a cloudburst. The Wadgaonsheri area received 120.5 mm of rainfall, with most of it occurring between 11 am and 2 pm. The Dhanori, Lohegaon and Kalyani Nagar areas reported flash floods as a result. Overflowing rainwater drains saw many residents complain of floodwater entering their homes. Similar was the situation in other parts of the city as Koregaon Park reported 80 mm and Shivajinagar 68.3 mm of rainfall. https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/rain-pune-flash-flood-videos-9373410/  (05 June 2024)

DISASTERS

Uttarakhand Caught in blizzard, 9 trekkers die Recently, nine trekkers died in Uttarakhand after getting caught in a blizzard (a bad snowstorm defined by strong winds and low visibility) during the Sahastra Tal trek in the upper Himalayas region in Uttarkashi. As per latest reports, it was a team of 22 members out of which 13 have been rescued but 9 couldn’t make it alive. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/caught-in-blizzard-9-trekkers-die-in-uttarakhand-things-to-keep-in-mind-before-going-for-that-trek/articleshow/110795677.cms  (07

नरकोटा में बोल्डर गिरने से दो यात्रियों की मौत बुधवार (June 05) दोपहर लगभग साढ़े तीन बजे के करीब बदरीनाथ-ऋषिकेश राष्ट्रीय राजमार्ग पर रुद्रप्रयाग से पांच किमी दूर नरकोटा में अचानक पहाड़ी से एक भारी भरकम बोल्डर आ गया. बोल्डर यात्रियों से भरे एक टेम्पो ट्रैवलर वाहन की खिड़की तोड़ते हुये अंदर जा घुसा. जिसके कारण वाहन में सवार दो तीर्थ यात्रियों की मौके पर ही मौत हो गई. https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/two-foreign-tourists-died-after-boulder-fell-on-their-vehicle-in-rudraprayag-narkota-uts24060505817  (05 June 2024)

-बुधवार (June 05) दोपहर बाद जानकीचट्टी यमुनोत्री पैदल मार्ग से श्रद्धालुओं का जत्था गुजर रहा था. इसी दौरान जानकीचट्टी पुलिस चौकी से आगे चट्टानी मलबा व बोल्डर गिरा, जिसकी चपेट में आने से दिपाली संदीप गावड़े उम्र 33 वर्ष निवासी महाराष्ट्र की दर्दनाक मौत हो गई, जबकि एक अन्य श्रद्धालु शैला संतोष वागमोरे सहित दो सफाई कर्मी सुखदेव व पिंटू घायल हो गए. https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/two-foreign-tourists-died-after-boulder-fell-on-their-vehicle-in-rudraprayag-narkota-uts24060505817  (05 June 2024) 

LANDSLIDES

Study AI identifies landslide movements -This study introduces a new method of examining slides, flows, and fails, which are the different manners in which landslides occur, as well as finding distinct patterns of landslides that were previously unidentifiable.

Their algorithm does not predict landslides, but it gives necessary information, such as causes and mechanisms, to those who are in the business of predicting landslides. https://india.mongabay.com/2024/06/algorithm-identifies-landslide-movements-making-them-easier-to-predict/  (03 June 2024)

Nepal New landslide forecasting system Scientists from the University of Melbourne, Tribhuvan University in Nepal and the University of Florence have teamed up with the Government of Nepal and Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade to deliver a new state-of-the-art artificial intelligence system that can analyse the significant amount of data needed to identify when rain-soaked ground is about to give-way.

-The forecasting system, called SAFE-RISCCS, continuously analyses satellite images of Earth taken by NASA, the European Space Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. Feeding SAFE-RISCCS forecasts’ into Landslide Early Warning Systems will protect people living in the shadow of landslides, ensuring alerts will be far more accurate, either days or even weeks in advance. https://www.unimelb.edu.au/newsroom/news/2024/june/new-landslide-forecasting-system-helping-researchers-save-lives-in-nepal  (03 June 2024)

DROUGHT

Karnataka Rs 2.83 cr released to over 17,000 farmers All five taluks in Kodagu were declared as drought-hit regions this year from the state and over 20,000 farmers from the district applied to avail compensation for the crop loss. As per the applications received by the agriculture department, 7620.74 hectares of paddy farmland and 2170.36 hectares of maize farmland were affected by drought in total across all the taluks.

-The department had proposed for the release of Rs 8.38 crore as a drought relief fund to be distributed among the farmers of the district. However, applications of 17,297 farmers from the district have been approved so far in ten phases and they have been handed over the total drought relief fund of over Rs 2.83 crore. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/May/29/rs-283-crore-released-to-over-17000-farmers-under-drought-relief-fund-in-kodagu  (29 May 2024)

Jammu & Kashmir Drought-like situation ravaging rice bowl A drought-like situation, created due to the alleged negligence of the Irrigation and Flood Control Department and the Power Development Department (PDD) has put thousands of hectares of paddy land in the Sonawari belt of north Kashmir’s Bandipora district on the verge of devastation. Locals from Sonawari said that dozens of villages are fuming as the paddy fields in the area, also called the rice bowl of north Kashmir, have dried up at the peak of the agriculture season. https://www.greaterkashmir.com/front-page-2/drought-like-situation-ravaging-north-kashmirs-rice-bowl/  (08 June 2024)

ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE

Wildlife conservationist, biologist AJT Johnsingh no more Noted Indian wildlife biologist and leading conservationist Asir Jawahar Thomas Johnsingh, popularly known as AJT Johnsingh among wildlife enthusiasts, passed away in Bengaluru at 1 a.m. on Friday (June 07) after a brief illness. He was 78. He is survived by two sons – former Indian Air Force Officer and pilot Mike and software engineer Merwin.

The vertebrate ecologist’s study of the dhole in Bandipur Tiger Reserve, Karnataka, was perhaps the first study of a free-ranging animal by an Indian wildlife biologist, says Dr. Albert. He was instrumental in the merger of the Kalakkad and Mundanthurai divisions of the tiger sanctuary into the Kalakkad – Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in 1988.  “His suggestions for conserving the elephant corridors connecting Agasthiyamalai to Periyar tiger reserve are being gradually translated into action now,” Dr. Albert said. He has received various awards including Padma Shri Award for his exemplary work. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/wildlife-conservationist-biologist-ajt-johnsingh-no-more/article68263041.ece  (08 June 2024)

SOUTH ASIA

Pakistan Hydropower ‘crown jewel’ may remain offline for another two years More than two months after a mishap that led to the complete shutdown of the 969-megawatt Neelum-Jhelum Hydro­­power Project (NJHPP) on Apr 2 2024, the exact cause and veracity of the problem remains unknown. Officials said that the problem appeared to be larger than anticipated and could keep the Rs500bn NJHPP off the grid for at least another 18 to 24 months. The scale of the decline in headrace tunnel pressure (HRT) and dewatering of a 17km section of the tunnel indicated “some major crack or a collapse”, but the exact situation is still unclear.

– The major fault is currently being investigated by the two-member body, which is also tasked with fixing responsibility for the mishap. Led by former federal secretary Shahid Khan and incumbent Water Resources Secretary Syed Ali Murtaza, the committee was constituted late last month to “inquire into the flaws/shortcomings in construction of NJHPP after the incident of April 2, 2024”, according to a notification. The committee has been asked “to ascertain the reasons for delay in submission of the findings/report of the Panel of Experts, hired in September 2022, for ascertaining the cause of blockage in the tailrace tunnel” of the project and to review the final report to be submitted by the panel. The committee is also required to have an independent assessment of the fault in headrace tunnel (HRT) of the project through the international panel of experts hired earlier to ascertain the cause of tailrace tunnel blockage. It has been asked to recommend appropriate remedial measures to resolve the current fault in the headrace tunnel.

– Per the advice of project consultants, the management kept operating the plant at the restricted capacity of 530MW from April 6 onwards to monitor fluctuations in the HRT pressure and continued generating electricity until around the end of the month, without any issue. But on April 29, further changes in the HRT pressure were observed. Subsequently, generation was gradually reduced, but the HRT pressure did not remain within safe limits, causing the plant to be shut down completely on May 1 for physical inspection.

– Wapda said the project had a 51.5km tunnel system, constructed in a weak geological area prone to seismic activity. Its HRT is 48km long, while the tailrace tunnel (TRT) is 3.5km. THe plant had attained full capacity on March 28 2024 after the earlier shutdown. https://www.dawn.com/news/1838092/hydropower-crown-jewel-may-remain-offline-for-another-two-years  (06 June 2024)

Nepal  Main tunnel of Arun III HEP achieves breakthrough The main tunnel of the 900 mw Arun III Hydropower Project under construction in Sankhuwasabha has achieved a breakthrough on June 4. Over 70 percent of the project being constructed by Sutlej Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) of India has been completed. https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/main-tunnel-of-900mw-arun-iii-hydropower-project-achieves-breakthrough/#/google_vignette  (04 June 2024)

THE REST OF THE WORLD

Dam Floods Australia Govt orders evacuation as dam spills, rain pummels in Sydney Australian authorities in New South Wales & in Sydney, particularly in city’s NW have ordered evacuations from a number of areas as Warramgamba dam overflowed (the dam provides 80% of Sydney’s water supply) and Hawkesbury river overflowed and flooded riverine areas. The dam overflow has slowed, but the riverine flooding risk remains.

https://www.trtworld.com/climate/australia-orders-evacuation-as-dam-spills-rain-pummels-in-sydney-18171199  (June 2024)

Report Weaponising water- Ukraine’s dams are targets in Putin’s war -One of the first actions that Russian forces took in the early days of the invasion was to blow up a dam on the North Crimean Canal in the Kherson region. In the early hours of 26 February 2022, Ukrainian air defences shot down a Russian missile reportedly heading for the Kyiv dam on the Dnieper River. A few days later, an auxiliary dam on the Kyiv reservoir was blasted apart. Satellite images reveal that the breach caused extensive flooding in the low-lying valley of Irpin River.

-During War World II, as Nazi troops swept through Soviet-era Ukraine in August 1941, Josef Stalin’s secret police blew up a hydroelectric dam on the Dnieper River in the city of Zaporizhzhya to slow the enemy’s advance. In 2015, ISIS blocked flows from the Euphrates dam in order to desiccate downstream areas. Conversely, near Fallujah, ISIS forces flooded areas to force out inhabitants and deflect attacks. And, south of Tikrit, ISIS deliberately contaminated water with crude oil. Other combatants have also weaponised water.

-In March 2017, the Pentagon bombed Syria’s largest dam on Euphrates, Tabqa. The disaster was only averted by workers at the dam’s hydropower plant risking their lives to prevent the dam from overflowing. Turkey has also used water as a weapon in its long-running conflict with the Kurds. More recently, the weaponising of water has been widespread and systematic in conflicts in Syria and Iraq. https://euobserver.com/opinion/154675  (08 April 2022)

Scientists discover Antarctica’s lost river -The discovery was made by a team of scientists from the University of Arizona, led by geoscientist Dr Stewart Jamieson. “The Rio Grande is unlike anything we have seen in Antarctica,” Dr Jamieson said. “This river system was buried under ice for millions of years and offers a unique window into the past.”

-The Rio Grande, which rivals some of the world’s largest rivers, was identified through satellite imagery and radar data. The river’s channels stretch over 680 miles, and it likely played a significant role in transporting water and sediment across the continent during a warmer period in Earth’s history, a Newsweek report.

-The presence of the Rio Grande suggests that Antarctica once had a much milder climate, with conditions that could support flowing water. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the continent’s glacial history and indicates that parts of Antarctica may have been ice-free during certain periods.

-The research team plans to conduct further studies to determine the age of the river system and the climatic conditions that allowed it to form. These investigations could provide valuable data for predicting future changes in the Antarctic ice sheet in response to global warming.

-The discovery of the Rio Grande also raises questions about the potential for similar hidden river systems in other parts of Antarctica. “We are just scratching the surface,” Dr Jamieson noted. “There could be other river systems buried beneath the ice, waiting to be discovered.” https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/rest-of-world/rio-grande-after-34-million-years-scientists-discover-antarcticas-lost-river/articleshow/110775221.cms  (06 June 2024) 

Compiled by SANDRP (ht.sandrp@gmail.com)

Also see: DRP News Bulletin 03 June 2024 & DRP News Bulletin 27 May 2024  

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