Rainfall

SW Monsoon 2025: District wise rainfall in India

In the just concluded South West Monsoon 2025, India received 937.2 mm (934.8 mm in SW Monsoon 2024, 820 mm in SW Monsoon 2023, 925 mm in SW Monsoon 2022[i]) rainfall, about 107.9% (107.6% in 2024, 94.45 % in 2023, 106.5% in 2022) of the Normal SW Monsoon rainfall of 868.6 mm as per India Meteorological Department (IMD). This rainfall is categorised as normal rainfall.  The rainfall in SW monsoon 2025 is 5th highest since 2001 and 38th highest since 1901.

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Hydro Power Projects

Subansiri Lower HEP faces damages in 2025 like in every year since 2019

“The commissioning of the Subansiri Lower Hydro Electric Project (SLHEP) has been further delayed till May 2026” NHPC has now acknowledged. In a report filed by PTI, the project developer has acknowledged on June 12 2025 that the controversial 2000 MW Hydropower project on Subansiri River in Brahmaputra basin on Assam-Arunachal border “has suffered “minor damages” during the recent monsoon rains”. The suggestion that the damages were minor may not be accurate considering the consequences of project delay.

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Rainfall

Pre-Monsoon 2025: District wise rainfall in India

In the just concluded three month pre-monsoon season (March 1 to May 31, 2025) India received 185.8 mm (125.9 mm in Pre-Monsoon 2024, 146.6 mm in Pre Monsoon 2023[i]) rainfall, 42% above (4 below normal in Pre-Monsoon 2024 and 12% above in Pre Monsoon 2023) the normal rainfall of 130.6 mm as per the India Meteorological Department (IMD). In 2020[ii] , 2021[iii] and 2022[iv] India received 158.5 mm, 155.2 mm and 130.6 or 20% above normal, 18% above normal and 1% below rainfall respectively. So, India has received the highest pre monsoon season rainfall in 2025 compared to those in previous five years.

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Floods

Frequent 2024 Floods in Bhagalpur-Bihar

Guest Article by: Dr. Ruchi Shree

In 2024, Bihar received 19 percent less rainfall than the normal rainfall and one of its districts named Bhagalpur even lesser with 29 percent. From 1 June to October 21, this district of South Bihar situated on the banks of the Ganga received merely 713.8 mm rain while the expectation was 1054.3 mm according to India Meteorological Department figures. It is the third consecutive year when Bihar has received lesser rainfall than expectation[i] and it is likely to worsen the water scenario in the coming years. On the other hand, Bihar faced severe flood this year and Bhagalpur was one of its worst affected districts due to a rise in the level of the Ganga. In a span of around 45 days i.e. from mid-August to end of September, Bhagalpur faced floods four times. This writing is based on my observation of three locations in Nathnagar block of Bhagalpur — two villages named Dildarpur and Biharipur and the Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University (TMBU) premise (administrative wing and Lalbagh Professors’ Colony). TMBU is quite close to Dildarpur village (situated on the Diyara land between Champa Nalla/River and river Ganga). 

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